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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 454 7 of 13 mNaonroemhatyerdiarlso2p0h20il,i1c0g, xroFOupRsPEcoERmRbEinViInEWg with Ag+. This benefits water molecules flowing, and show8sotfh1e4 Nanomaterials 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW composite membrane has better performance in terms of permeation ability. Figure 5. AFM image of (a) GO, (b) GO-8, (c) GO-20 and (d) GO-33 membranes. Figure 5. AFM image of (a) GO, (b) GO-8, (c) GO-20 and (d) GO-33 membranes. Figure 5. AFM image of (a) GO, (b) GO-8, (c) GO-20 and (d) GO-33 membranes. Figure 6. Water contact angels of GO, GO-8, GO-20 and GO-33 membranes. Figure 6. Water contact angels of GO, GO-8, GO-20 and GO-33 membranes. 8 of 14 Figure 6. Water contact angels of GO, GO-8, GO-20 and GO-33 membranes. The influence of thickness of membrane, which was controlled by volume of solution used to The influence of thickness of membrane, which was controlled by volume of solution used to prepare the membrane, on water flux was investigated. As shown in Figure 7a, the water flux is prepTahre tihneflumeenmceborafnteh,icoknewssatoefr mfluemx bwrasnein, wvehsitcighawteads. cAosntsrhoollwedn biny Fvioglurmee7ao,f tshoeluwtioanterusfleudxtois negatively correlated to the thickness of four types of membranes. With increase of thickness, the water p n r e e g p a a t r i v e e t l h y e c mo r e r e m l a b t r e a d n e t o , o t n h e w t h a t i c e k r n f e l u s s x o w f a f s o u i n r v t e y s p t i e g s a o t e f d m . A e m s b s r h a o n w e s n . Wi n i F t h i g i u n r c e r e 7 a a s , e t h o f e t w h i a c t k e n r e f s l s u , x t h i s e flux decreases sharply, which suggests lower permeation of membranes. When the volume of solution nweagtaetrivfleulyx dcoercrelastesdsthoarthpelyt,hwichkinchessuogfgfeosutsrlotywperspoefrmematibornanoefsm. Wemitbhraincerse.aWsehoenf thieckvnoelussm, ethoef is 1 mL, the water flux of GO, GO-8, GO-20, and GO-33 is 60.46 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 99.8 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, wsoaltuetrioflnuxisd1emcrLea, sthese swhatreprlyfl,uwxhoifcGh Osu,gGgOes-t8s, lGoOw-e2r0p, earnmdeGaOtio-3n3oifsm60e.m46bLramnes.hWbhaern t,h9e9.v8oLlume hof −2 −1 −1 −2 −1 −1 −2 -1 −1 −2 −1 106.1 L m h bar , and 74.8 L m h bar , respectively. When the volume of solution increases −1 −2 −1 −1 −2 -1 −1 −2 -1 −1 −2 −1 sboalruti,o1n06is.11LmL, thebwarate,rafnludx7o4.f8GLOm, GhO-8b,aGr O, -r2e0s,paencdtivGeOly-.3W3 hise6n0t.h46e vLomlumhe obf asrolu, t9i9o.n8 iLncmreahses to 3 mL, the water flux of GO, GO-8, GO-20, and GO-33 is 18.6 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 21.4 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, −1 −2 −1 −1 −2 -1 −1 −2 −1 −1 −2 −1 −1 b t o a r 3 m, 1 L 0 6 , t . 1 h e L wm a t e h r f l b u a x r o f , a G n O d , 7 G 4 O. 8 - L 8 , mG O h - 2 0 b , a a r n d , r G e Os p - e 3 c 3 t i i v s e 1 l 8 y . . 6 WL h m e n t h h e b v a o r l u , m 2 e 1 . o 4 f L s o m l u t i h o n b i n a c r r e , a 3 s 3 e . s 9 33.9 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 , and 20.8 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which is reduced by 69.2%, 78.6%, 68%, and 72.2%, −2 −1 −1 −2 −1 −1 −2 −1 −1 −2 −1 −1 tLo 3mmLh, thebwarate,raflnudx o2f0.G8OL, GmO-8h, GOb-a2r0,,awndhiGchO-i3s3riesd1u8c.6edL mby h69.2b%ar, 7, 82.16.%4 L, 6m8%h, anbdar 7,23.23%.9, respectively, for the four types of membranes. Figure 7a also shows that the GO membrane has the −2 −1 −1 −2 −1 −1 Lresmpecthivelbya,rfor, tahnedfo2u0r.8tyLpems of mh embbaran, ews.hFicighurise 7readaulscoedshboyws69th.2a%t ,th7e8.G6%O,m6e8m%b, rande h7a2s.2t%he, worst performance in water flux. Comparing to the GO membrane, GO-8 has higher water flux at the rwesoprestctpiverefloyr, mfoarntcheeinfowurateyrpfelsuxo.fCmoempbaraingest.oFtihgeuGreO7amaelmsobsrhanoew, sGtOha-8t hthaes hGiOghmerewmabtrearnfeluhxaasttthe same thickness. The water flux of GO-20 is higher than that of GO-8. However, when the size of AgNP wsaomrsetptheircfkonrmesasn.cTehienwaterflux.oCfoGmOp-a2r0inigsthoigtheGr OthamnetmhbatraonfeG,GOO-8-.8Hhaoswheivgehre,rwhaetenrtfhluexsaiztethoef increases to 33 nm, the water flux declines to a value that is even lower than that of GO-8. sAamgNePthinickrneaeses.s Ttohe33wnamte,rthfleuwx aotferGfOlu-x20deisclhinigeshetor athvaanlutehatht aotfisGeOv-e8n. lHowowerevthear,nwthaetnofthGeOs-i8z.e of The rejection of RhB of four types of membranes of different thickness are shown in Figure 7b. AgNP increases to 33 nm, the water flux declines to a value that is even lower than that of GO-8. The rejection is positively correlated to the thickness of the membrane. When the volume of solution is The rejection of RhB of four types of membranes of different thickness are shown in Figure 7b. 1 mL, the rejection of GO, GO-8, GO-20, and GO-33 is 99.85%, 77.91%, 85.87%, and 84.16%, respectively. The rTehjecrtieojenctisiopnoosiftiRvheBlyocfofroruelrateydpetso othf emtehmickbnraenssesoof fthdeifmfeermenbtrtahnicek. nWehssenarteheshvowlunmine oFfigsuolruet7iobn. When the membrane thickness is increased by increasing the volume of solution to 3 mL, the rejection T i s h e 1 r me j e L c , t i t o h n e i s r e p j e o c s t i i t o i v n e l o y f c G o r O r e , l a G t e O d - 8 t , o G t h O e - t 2 h 0 i , c k a n n e d s s G o O f t - h 3 e 3 m i s e m9 9 b . 8 r 5 a %n e , . 7 W 7 . h 9 e 1 n % t , h 8 e 5 v . 8 o 7 l u % m , e a n o d f s o 8 4 l u . 1 t i 6 o % n , irses1pemctLiv, ethlye. Wrejheecntiotnheomf eGmOb,raGnOe-t8h, icGkOn-e2s0s,isanindcrGeaOs-e3d3 biys i9n9c.8re5a%si,n7g7.t9h1e%v,o8lu5m.87e%o,f asonldut8io4n.16to%3, rmesLp,etchteivreljye.ctWiohneonf the fmouemr tbyrpaensemtheimckbnraesnsesisisin9c9r.e9a7s%e,d9b1.y27in%c,r9e7a.s7in3%g ,thanedvo95lu.6m1%e ,owf shoicluhtionncrteoas3e mbyL,0t.h1e2%re,je1c3ti.3o6n%o,f t1h1e.8f6o%u,r taynpdes1m1.4e5m%b.raTnhes ins f9l9u.e9n7c%e, o91f .2th7e%s, i9z7e.7o3f%A, agnNdP95o.n61r%ej,ewcthioicnhwinacsrealseo by 0.12%, 13.36%, 11.86%, and 11.45%. The influence of the size of AgNP on rejection was alsoPDF Image | Graphene Oxide Nanofiltration Membranes Silver Nanoparticles
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