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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 454 10 of 13 Nanomaterials 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 14 glycolare0.60mPa·s,1.17mPa·s,and19−.29m−1Pa·s−,1respectivel−y2.−T1hefl−1uxofmethano−l2,et−h1ano−l1and ethanolandethyleneglycolis48.33Lm h bar ,23.02Lm h bar ,and7.01Lm h bar .The ethylene glycol is 48.33 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 23.02 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, and 7.01 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. The flux of flux of solvents decreases with increasing viscosity, which is consistent with results of a previous solvents decreases with increasing viscosity, which is consistent with results of a previous study [22]. study [22]. Figure 9. (a) The rejection if different concentrations of RhB solution (20 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 60 mg/L) of Figure 9. (a) The rejection if different concentrations of RhB solution (20 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 60 mg/L) GO, GO-8, GO-20, GO-33. (b) The flux of some common solvents of GO-20. of GO, GO-8, GO-20, GO-33. (b) The flux of some common solvents of GO-20. The rejection of three types of GO composite membranes for both RhB and MB are shown in The rejection of three types of GO composite membranes for both RhB and MB are shown in Table 1. GO-20 has the highest rejection rate of RhB and MB, which as shown above. Comparing to RhB, Table 1. GO-20 has the highest rejection rate of RhB and MB, which as shown above. Comparing to the rejection of MB using GO-8, GO-20, and GO-33 increases by 16.67%, 12.63%, and 12.61%, respectively. RhB, the rejection of MB using GO-8, GO-20, and GO-33 increases by 16.67%, 12.63%, and 12.61%, Besides the size exclusion effect, electrostatic repulsion influences nanofiltration performance as well [33]. respectively. Besides the size exclusion effect, electrostatic repulsion influences nanofiltration The size of MB molecules is larger than the size of RhB molecules. RhB is positively charged dye, performance as well [33]. The size of MB molecules is larger than the size of RhB molecules. RhB is while MB is negatively charged dye. Therefore, GO composite membranes have a higher rejection of positively charged dye, while MB is negatively charged dye. Therefore, GO composite membranes MB than RhB, because of the negatively oxygen-containing groups on GO. Table 2 summarizes other have a higher rejection of MB than RhB, because of the negatively oxygen-containing groups on GO. recent reports of graphene oxide composite membranes and their filtration performance. All three Table 2 summarizes other recent reports of graphene oxide composite membranes and their filtration types of GO/AgNPs composite membranes reported here have high water permeation ability and high performance. All three types of GO/AgNPs composite membranes reported here have high water rejection, comparable to these other recent reports. permeation ability and high rejection, comparable to these other recent reports. Membrane GO/TiO2 Feed Solution Flux (L m−2 h−1 bar−1 ) 7 Retention (%) Pressure (bar) 1 Reference GO-8 RhB 21.4 RhB 33.9 91.27 1 This work GO-20 Flux (L m−2 h−1 bar−1 ) Retention Pressure Membrane Feed solution Reference (%) 1(bar) This work GO-33 20.8 Table 1. The rejection rate of GO-8, GO-20 and GO-33 to RhB and MB. Table 1. The rejection rate of GO-8, GO-20 and GO-33 to RhB and MB. Sample RhB Rejection (%) MB Rejection (%) Sample RhB Rejection MB Rejection (%) GO-8 GO-20 GO-383 77.91 94.58 98.50 964..7578 (%) 85.87 7874.9.16 GO-20 85.87 98.50 Table 2. Some graphene oxide composite membranes and their filtration performance. GO-33 84.16 96.77 Methyl Orange 100 79 [34] [35] [36] GO/DMAc/PVDF Table 2. Some graphene oxide composite membranes and their filtration performance. GO-TiO2/PSF BSA Methylene Blue 45 RhB 1 90 0.69 26.49 DMAC: di methyl acetamide, TiO2: titanium dioxide, PSF: polysulfone, PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride, BSA: bovine serum albumin. GO/TiO2 Methyl Orange 7 100 1 [34] GO/DMAc/PVDF BSA 26.49 79 1 [35] 4. Conclusions GIOn-sTuiOm2m/PaSrFy, threeMtyeptheysloefnGe BOl/uAegNP compo4s5ite membranes w9i0th different0s.6iz9ed AgNPs[3w6]ere fabricated. The morphology and XRD results show that AgNPs were successfully loaded into GO GO-8 RhB 21.4 91.27 1 This work membranes, and the size of AgNPs was 8 nm, 20 nm, and 33 nm. The water flux of GO/AgNP GO-20 RhB 33.9 97.73 1 This work 97.73 95.61 1 This workPDF Image | Graphene Oxide Nanofiltration Membranes Silver Nanoparticles
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