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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 376 Nanomaterials 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 22 3. Results and Discussion 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Characterization 3.1. Characterization GO and GO–AgNPs were physicochemically characterized, firstly, to confirm their formation, GO and GO–AgNPs were physicochemically characterized, firstly, to confirm their formation, and secondly, because the antimicrobial properties depend on the physicochemical properties such and secondly, because the antimicrobial properties depend on the physicochemical properties such as as chemical composition, shape, and size of the AgNPs. chemical composition, shape, and size of the AgNPs. 3.1.1. Structure and Morphology FTIR Analysis FTIR Analysis The FTIR spectra of GO and GO–AgNP nanohybrids are displayed in Figure 1a. The GO spectrum The FTIR spectra of GO and GO–AgNP nanohybrids are displayed in Figure 1a. The GO shows various bands associated with the vibrational modes of different oxygen-containing functional spectrum shows various bands associated with the vibrational modes of different oxygen-containing groups. The band at 3800–3000 cm−1 is attribu−t1ed to the stretching vibrations of structural OH groups functional groups. The band at 3800–3000 cm is attributed to the stretching vibrations of structural and physisorbed water molecules. The bands at 1734 cm−1 and 1621−1cm−1 are rela−t1ed to the C=O OH groups and physisorbed water molecules. The bands at 1734 cm and 1621 cm are related to carbonyl stretching of COOH groups situated at the edges of the GO sheets and to the deformation the C=O carbonyl stretching of COOH groups situated at the edges of the GO sheets and to the vibration of water molecules, respectively. The peaks at 1362 cm−1 and 1052−1cm−1 arise fro−1m the deformation vibration of water molecules, respectively. The peaks at 1362 cm and 1052 cm arise bending of tertiary C-OH groups and the vibration of C–O of epoxide groups (C–O–C), respectively. from the bending of tertiary C-OH groups and the vibration of C–O of epoxide groups (C–O–C), The peak at 1225 cm−1 is assigned−1to C−O−C stretching. For GO–AgNP nanohybrids, the weakening respectively. The peak at 1225 cm is assigned to C−O−C stretching. For GO–AgNP nanohybrids, the of the carbonyl and hydroxyl bands is observed, as well as the elimination of the band at 1621 cm−1. weakening of the carbonyl and hydroxyl bands is observed, as well as the elimination of the band at These re−s1ults indicate the simultaneous partial reduction of GO. 1621cm .TheseresultsindicatethesimultaneouspartialreductionofGO. 6 of 22 UV-Vis Analysis UV-Vis Analysis Figure 1. (a) FTIR and (b) UV–vis spectra of GO and GO–AgNP nanohybrids. Figure 1. (a) FTIR and (b) UV–vis spectra of GO and GO–AgNP nanohybrids. The UV–vis spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of GO–AgNP nanohybrids. The UV–vis spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of GO–AgNP nanohybrids. The The UV–vis spectra of GO and GO–AgNP nanohybrids are shown in Figure 1b. For GO, the UV–vis spectra of GO and GO–AgNP nanohybrids are shown in Figure 1b. For GO, the maximum maximum absorption peak at 230 nm is ascribed to the electronic π → π * transitions of aromatic C-C absorption peak at 230 nm is ascribed to the electronic π → π * transitions of aromatic C-C bonds, and bonds, and the shoulder at ~300 nm corresponds to n → π * transitions of C=O bonds. The absorption the shoulder at ∼300 nm corresponds to n → π * transitions of C=O bonds. The absorption spectrum spectrum of GO–AgNP hybrid exhibits the red shift of the maximum peak of GO, from 230 to 265 of GO–AgNP hybrid exhibits the red shift of the maximum peak of GO, from 230 to 265 nm, nm, suggesting the simultaneous partly reduction of GO during the preparation of the GO–AgNP suggesting the simultaneous partly reduction of GO during the preparation of the GO–AgNP nanohybrids and therefore the recovery of the electronic conjugation of the graphene sheets. In addition, nanohybrids and therefore the recovery of the electronic conjugation of the graphene sheets. In the spectrum shows the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of AgNPs (~404 nm), addition, the spectrum shows the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of AgNPs (∼ which confirms the presence of small spherical-shaped AgNPs on GO [36]. UV-Vis spectroscopy was 404 nm), which confirms the presence of small spherical-shaped AgNPs on GO [36]. UV-Vis also used to analyze the effect of reaction temperature and the AgNP precursor concentration on the spectroscopy was also used to analyze the effect of reaction temperature and the AgNP precursor synthesis of GO–AgNP nanohybrids. As can be seen from Figure 1b, the intensity and shape of the concentration on the synthesis of GO–AgNP nanohybrids. As can be seen from Figure 1b, the SPRabsorptionbandremainsimilaratbothtemperatureswhen1.50mMAgNO wasused.However, intensity and shape of the SPR absorption band remain similar at both tempera3tures when 1.50 mM the absorbance peak becomes more intense as temperature increases in the case of 2.00 mM AgNO , AgNO3 was used. However, the absorbance peak becomes more intense as temperature increases in3 the case of 2.00 mM AgNO3, which can be due to an increase of the number of nanoparticles formed. The position of the SPR band remains practically unchanged as the temperature and silver precursor concentration increase.PDF Image | Graphene Oxide–Silver Nanoparticle Nanohybrids
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