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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 376 15 of 22 would hinder the growth of any of these microorganisms, at least for 72 hours, would be higher than Nanomaterials 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 15 of 22 64 μg/mL. These results indicate that the highest susceptibility to the GO–AgNP-A nanohybrid was shown by C. albicans and S. aureus. The differences found in the antimicrobial effect of the nanomaterial of the nanomaterial could be due to the different cell wall structures of the four microorganisms, could be due to the different cell wall structures of the four microorganisms, involving a species-specific involving a species-specific mechanism as indicated by Tang et al. [17]. mechanism as indicated by Tang et al. [17]. Fiigurre7..MicicrroobbiaiallggrroowththkkinineetitcicssininccoonntataccttwitihthGGOO––AAggNNPPSS-A-A..(a(a))CC..alablibciacnans,s,(b(b))SS..auaurerueus,s,(c()c)PP.. aaeerrugiinoossaa,,and((d))E..collii.. Several authors have studied the antimicrobial behavior of GO–AgNPs. Fonseca de Faria et Several authors have studied the antimicrobial behavior of GO–AgNPs. Fonseca de Faria et al. al. reported that graphene oxide dispersion lacked antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa at the reported that graphene oxide dispersion lacked antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa at the evaluated concentrations in the study (0.1 to 5.0 μg/mL) after different exposure times, whereas 100% evaluated concentrations in the study (0.1 to 5.0 μg/mL) after different exposure times, whereas 100% of P. aeruginosa cells were fully inhibited after contact with GO/Ag concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 μg/mL of P. aeruginosa cells were fully inhibited after contact with GO/Ag concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 for 30–60 min [18]. Cui et al. investigated the inhibitory effect against C. albicans of both GO and the μg/mL for 30–60 min [18]. Cui et al. investigated the inhibitory effect against C. albicans of both GO GO–Ag composite [65]. They found that GO did not exhibit growth inhibition of fungal cells, while and the GO–Ag composite [65]. They found that GO did not exhibit growth inhibition of fungal cells, the study confirmed that GO–Ag had antifungal properties. Moreover, the antifungal property was while the study confirmed that GO–Ag had antifungal properties. Moreover, the antifungal property enhanced when compared with that of bare AgNPs. Jaworski et al. studied the antimicrobial activity was enhanced when compared with that of bare AgNPs. Jaworski et al. studied the antimicrobial of GO-, AgNP-, and GO–AgNP-coated polyurethane foils against E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and C. activity of GO-, AgNP-, and GO–AgNP-coated polyurethane foils against E. coli, S. aureus, S. albicans at 37 ◦C for 24 h [66]. The foil coated with GO–Ag showed the strongest antibacterial effect epidermidis, and C. albicans at 37 °C for 24 h [66]. The foil coated with GO–Ag showed the strongest against all tested microorganisms; the growth of bacterial cells was greatly inhibited, while the GO- antibacterial effect against all tested microorganisms; the growth of bacterial cells was greatly and AgNP-coated films only slightly reduced it. The yeast C. albicans was the most resistant to the inhibited, while the GO- and AgNP-coated films only slightly reduced it. The yeast C. albicans was deleterious effect of GO–Ag, followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The study carried the most resistant to the deleterious effect of GO–Ag, followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative out by Tang et al. revealed that both pure GO and AgNPs and the simple mixture of both had no effect bacteria. The study carried out by Tang et al. revealed that both pure GO and AgNPs and the simple on E. coli and S. aureus at the concentrations studied, whereas the nanocomposite GO–Ag showed mixture of both had no effect on E. coli and S. aureus at the concentrations studied, whereas the ndaonsoec-oamndpoAsgit:eGOGOra–tAiog-dsehpoewndedentdaonseti-bacntderiAalga:GctOivirtayti[o1-7d].epInenadednitioan,ttihbeacrtesruialtlsaschtoivwiteyd[t1h7a]t. tIhne adndtibtiaocnte,ritahleeffrecstuoltfsGsOh–oAwgeNdPsthwaatstshpeecaienst-isbpaecctiefirciadleepfefnecdtenotf. TGhOe–eAnhgaNnPcesdwanatsimsipcerocibeisa-lsapcetcivifiitcy doefpGeOnd–AengtN.PTshceomenpharnecdetdoGanOtiamnidcrAobgiNalPsaicstiavtittryibuofteGdOto–aAsgyNnePrsgicsotimcepffaercetdoftoGOGOanaAngdNAPsgaNnPdsniost attotrainbuatdeditioveaesffyencetrogfisbtoicthefcfoemctpoofnGeOntsa.nSAhagoNePtsala.nindvneostigtoataendathdedaitnivtiebaecfftecritaolfabctoivthitycomf apoGnOe–nAtsg. Shao et al. investigated the antibacterial activity of a GO–Ag nanocomposite against E. coli and S. aureus [67]. The synthesized GO–Ag showed a dose-dependent antimicrobial effect and was stronger towards E. coli than towards S. aureus. Das et al. investigated the antibacterial activity of Ag-GO against E. coli and P. aeruginosa [12]. They found that P. aeruginosa was more sensitive than E. coli toPDF Image | Graphene Oxide–Silver Nanoparticle Nanohybrids
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