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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2202 10 of 16 it is difficult to speculate on the exact relationship between the parameters and Ro. Furthermore, unlike the previous models, here supersaturation appears to have more of an impact on particle size, as implied by the larger coefficient. Figure 6 shows a comparison between the predicted and measured particle size values using the models given in Equations (13) and (14). Figure 6. Comparison between predicted particle size and experimental particle size for smooth and grooved discs using Rossby number (Ro). The confidence and prediction intervals at a 95% confidence level are also displayed in Figure 6. All points are within the PI and the majority within the CI. The values of R2 and R2 adjusted (Equations (13) and (14)) for the current regression model are also lower in comparison to the previous model. The Rossby model is composed of only two independent variables (Ro and S) unlike the previous model (Model 1) which has three independent variables, and often an increase in the number of independent variables in a multiple regression model leads to an increase R2 values, bringing them closer to 1. It also evident from the Rossby number expression (Equation (7)) that there are no parameters describing the physical properties of the fluid, such as viscosity, which is an important parameter when considering the flow of shear-thinning starch in the SDR. Equations (15) and (16) presents the regression model with the addition of Reynolds number to account for the viscosity of the fluid. Smooth disc: Grooved disc: Particle size (microns) = 10−0.24Ro0.12Re−0.23S−0.01 (15) R2 = 0.905, R2 (adj.) = 0.87. Particle size (nm) = 10−0.02Ro0.11Re−0.34S−0.01 (16) R2 = 0.913, R2 (adj.) = 0.890. The regression models (Equations (15) and (16)) for both discs suggest a greater influence of flow rate on particle size as indicated by the larger magnitude of the Reynolds number coefficients. This contradicts the previous models obtained for the smooth disc. The coefficients for supersaturation are also smaller in comparison to the Ro model. However, this model has both Ro and Re measuring flow rate, introducing multicollinearity as both variables are highly correlated [71]. This is denoted by the sign change of the coefficient associated with Ro in Equation (16). Furthermore, the standard error associated with the regression coefficient for Ro increases from 0.02 to 0.05 upon the introduction of Re.PDF Image | Hydro Starch Nanoparticles Precip Spinning Disc Reactor
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