Hydro Starch Nanoparticles Precip Spinning Disc Reactor

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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2202 13 of 16 models have been proposed through combinations of Reynolds number, rotational Reynolds number, Rossby number and dimensionless supersaturation. Correlations based on the rotational Reynolds number to characterise disc speed have indicated the closest agreement between measured and predicted particle sizes and have demonstrated that particle size is more influenced by flow rate and disc rotational speed than initial supersaturation. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, methodology, data curation and writing—review and editing, S.S., V.Z. and K.B.; investigation and formal analysis, S.S.; writing—original draft preparation, S.S.; resources, supervision and project administration, K.B. and V.Z., funding acquisition, K.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by an EPSRC Doctoral Training Award made available to S.S. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Nomenclature: C Solute concentration (g solute/g solvent) C∗ Equilibrium concentration (g solute/g solvent) Q Volumetric flow rate (m3 s−1 ) r Radial position from centre of disc (m) tres Mean disc residence time (s) uav Film thickness-averaged radial velocity on disc (m s−1) ui Inlet velocity (m s−1 ) vr Instantaneous disc radial velocity (m s−1 ) Greek symbols δ Liquid film thickness (m) γ. Shear rate (s−1 ) ω Angular velocity (rad s−1 ) ν Kinematic viscosity (m2 s−1 ) Dimensionless numbers Ek Ekman number, Ek = ν ωδ2 (-) Re Reynolds number, Re = 2Q (-) πνr Reω Rotational Reynolds number, Reω = ωr2 (-) Ro Rossby number, Ro = ui (-) ωr S Supersaturation S = C (-) C∗ Subscripts i Inlet o Outlet References ν 1. Rose, J.; Auffan, M.; Proux, O.; Niviere, V.; Bottero, J.Y. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles in relation with toxicity. In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology; Bhushan, B., Ed.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2012; p. 2085. [CrossRef] 2. Santander-Ortega, M.J.; Stauner, T.; Loretz, B.; Ortega-Vinuesa, J.L.; Bastos-González, D.; Wenz, G.; Schaefer, U.F.; Lehr, C.M. Nanoparticles made from novel starch derivatives for transdermal drug delivery. J. Control. Release 2010, 141, 85–92. [CrossRef] 3. Elvira, C.; Mano, J.F.; San Román, J.; Reis, R.L. Starch-based biodegradable hydrogels with potential biomedical applications as drug delivery systems. Biomaterials 2002, 23, 1955–1966. [CrossRef] 4. Brecher, M.E.; Owen, H.G.; Bandarenko, N. Alternatives to albumin: Starch replacement for plasma exchange. J. Clin. Apher. 1997, 12, 146–153. [CrossRef] 5. Thielemans, W.; Belgacem, M.N.; Dufresne, A. Starch Nanocrystals with Large Chain Surface Modifications. Langmuir 2006, 22, 4804–4810. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 6. Angellier, H.; Molina-Boisseau, S.; Dufresne, A. Mechanical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch Nanocrystal Reinforced Natural Rubber. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 9161–9170. [CrossRef]

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