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Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 96 14 of 19 Nanomaterials 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 20 approximately equal in each case. The final percent silver released after 14 days was 75, 60, 25 and 20% for films heated for 15, 30, 45 or 90 min respectively. TheerreelleeaasseeccurrvveessdeeppicictteeddininFFigiguurreess66––88pooininttttooPVA--ssiillveerr ffiillmss conttaiiniingg55% ◦ w/wwssilivlveerrnnititrraatteeaandheeaattccurredatt11440°Cfoforr9900mininaassppreresseenntitninggaappootetennttiaialllyoopttiimum ccoombbininaatitoionnooffininssoolulubbiliilzizeeddPPVVA,,aarreesseerrvooiirroffboundssiillveerriinttheeiinssollubblelePVA ffiillm and a gradual release of silver nanoparticles. and a gradual release of silver nanoparticles. 4.4. XRD and SEM Studies of PVA-Silver Films 4.4. XRD and SEM Studies of PVA-Silver Films The changes in the XRD pattern of PVA films containing 5% w/w silver nitrate as a The changes in the XRD pattern of PVA films containing 5% w/w silver nitrate as a function of holding time in the instrument at 140 ◦C are presented in Figure 9. As shown, function of holding time in the instrument at 140 °C are presented in Figure 9. As shown, the XRD peaks at 2θ = 38.2◦ and 44.4◦, characteristic of the 111 and 200 planes respectively the XRD peaks at 2θ = 38.2° and 44.4°, characteristic of the 111 and 200 planes respectively in the cubic crystal structure of silver metal, increased in intensity with curing time. As dis- in the cubic crystal structure of silver metal, increased in intensity with curing time. As cussed in the literature, these peaks provide further evidence that silver nanoparticles are discussed in the literature, these peaks provide further evidence that silver nanoparticles created in the films during the heat curing process and may subsequently be released on are created in the films during the heat curing process and may subsequently be released exposure to aqueous media [25–30]. on exposure to aqueous media [25–30]. Figure 9. X-ray diffractograms for a PVA film containing 5% w/w silver nitrate as a function of heating time at◦ 140 °C. Figure 9. X-ray diffractograms for a PVA film containing 5% w/w silver nitrate as a function of heating time at 140 C. From From bottom to top, the curves show the film diffractograms before heat curing, after the instrument temperature had bottom to top, the curves show the film diffractograms before heat curing, after the instrument temperature had reached reached 140 °C and at 15 min intervals thereafter. The increasing peaks at 38° and 44.5° 2-Theta arise from the creation of 140 ◦C and at 15 min intervals thereafter. The increasing peaks at 38◦ and 44.5◦ 2-Theta arise from the creation of silver silver nanoparticles over time. nanoparticles over time. The SEM image of a PVA-silver film containing 3% w/w silver nitrate and heat cured The SEM image of a PVA-silver film containing 3% w/w silver nitrate and heat cured at 140 °◦C for 90 min is shown in Figure 10, providing further confirmation of the presence at 140 C for 90 min is shown in Figure 10, providing further confirmation of the presence of silver nanoparticles in the heat-cured PVA films. The mean particle size as determined of silver nanoparticles in the heat-cured PVA films. The mean particle size as determined using Image J software is 20.8 nm in this case. using Image J software is 20.8 nm in this case.PDF Image | Hydrogel Forming Dressings Containing Silver Nanoparticles
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