PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 011
Sensors 2020, 20, 2398 11 of 13 of the individual substrate characteristics (e.g., surface roughness, porosity, fibrousness) on the conductivity as well as the reproducibility have been thoroughly studied and the results were compared to white-heat-stabilised and -treated PET foil for printed electronics. While the resulting sheet resistance on PET substrate appears to be mainly process-dependent and provides a decent reproducibility, the sheet resistance on the paper substrates is highly dependent on the substrate properties, such as the specific porosity and fibrousness. This is because a large amount of the low-viscous inkjet printing ink is absorbed by the substrate, which also leads to an increase in the resulting resistance. Apart from that, the absorption can be advantageous as it improves the adhesion of the printed layer to the substrate. The lowest median specific resistivity value of the sintered Ag-layer on PET substrate was 6.3 μΩ·cm, which corresponds to four times the bulk resistivity of silver. Even on the porous type 4 paper, substrate resistivity values as low as 11.6 μΩ·cm (7.3 × bulk) could be achieved. However, for the highly porous and fibrous type 7 paper substrate, the layer thickness and hence the specific resistivity could not be quantified. Although the resistance values on type 4 and type 7 have proven to be less reproducible than on PET, the results do not necessarily mean that cheap and commercially available uncoated paper substrates are not qualified for the additive manufacturing of sensors. The requirements for the level of reproducibility and conductivity are highly dependent on the individual application. However, the particular properties of the material need to be considered carefully to establish a stable manufacturing process. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.Z. and A.R.; methodology, J.Z.; formal analysis, J.Z.; investigation, A.R., L.R.; writing—original draft preparation, J.Z.; writing—review and editing, J.Z., A.R., L.R., C.H.; supervision, C.H.; project administration, C.H.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was conducted in the project Flex-Si-Sense (FFG project number: 871336) as part of the FFG program Silicon!Alps. Funding by the Federal Ministries of Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK) and of Economics and Labour (BMWA), managed on their behalf by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), is gratefully acknowledged. In addition, this research was partially funded by the European Regional Development Fund (EFRE), grant number KWF-41 27|30247|43666. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. References 1. Chang, J.S.; Facchetti, A.F.; Reuss, R. A circuits and systems perspective of organic/printed electronics: Review, challenges, and contemporary and emerging design approaches. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst. 2017, 7, 7–26. [CrossRef] 2. Mohammed, M.G.; Kramer, R. All-printed flexible and stretchable electronics. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1604965. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Sreenilayam, S.P.; Ahad, I.U.; Nicolosi, V.; Garzon, V.A.; Brabazon, D. Advanced materials of printed wearables for physiological parameter monitoring. Mater. Today 2010, 32, 147–177. [CrossRef] 4. Wallace, D. Overview of inkjet-based micromanufacturing. In Inkjet-Based Micromanufacturing; WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2012; pp. 1–17. 5. Das, R. Printing Technologies find their Place in Printed Electronics; IDTechEx: Cambridge, UK, 2017. 6. Tobjörk, D.; Österbacka, R. Paper electronics. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 1935–1961. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 7. Zheng, Y.; He, Z.; Gao, Y.; Liu, Y. Direct desktop printed-circuits-on-paper flexible electronics. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1786. [CrossRef] 8. Xie, L.; Mäntysalo, M.; Cabezas, A.L.; Feng, Y.; Jonsson, F.; Zheng, L.-R. Electrical performance and reliability evaluation of inkjet-printed Ag interconnections on paper substrates. Mater. Lett. 2012, 88, 68–72. [CrossRef] 9. Ihalainen, P.; Määttänen, A.; Järnström, J.; Tobjörk, D.; Österbacka, R.; Peltonen, J. Influence of surface properties of coated papers on printed electronics. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 6025–6036. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Inkjet-Printed Ag-Layers on Flexible, Uncoated Paper Substrates
PDF Search Title:
Inkjet-Printed Ag-Layers on Flexible, Uncoated Paper SubstratesOriginal File Name Searched:
sensors-20-02398-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Infinity Turbine Developing Spinning Disc Reactor SDR or Spinning Disc Reactors reduce processing time for liquid production of Silver Nanoparticles.
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |