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Sensors 2020, 20, 1333 Sensors 2019, 19, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 15 6 of 15 6 of 15 Sensors 2019, 19, x FOR PEER REVIEW Figure 1. Printing results on cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) without (a) and with (b) plasma treatment. Figure 1. Printing results on cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) without (a) and with (b) plasma treatment. Figure 1. Printing results on cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) without (a) and with (b) plasma treatment. Figure 2 shows the micrographs of the printed WE after the photonic curing. The scanning Figure 2 shows the micrographs of the printed WE after the photonic curing. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the resulting Au shows a significant formation of sinter necks electron microscope (SEM) image of the resulting Au shows a significant formation of sinter necks between the nanoparticles and indicates a porous morphology. between the nanoparticles and indicates a porous morphology. Figure 2. Surface of WE (9 layers) after photonic sintering taken with a reflected light microscope (a) Figure 2. Surface of WE (9 layers) after photonic sintering taken with a reflected light microscope (a) and with a SEM (b). and with a SEM (b). Figure 2 shows the micrographs of the printed WE after the photonic curing. The scanning The layer thickness of the printed structures was measured using a white light interferometer. electronTmheiclraoysecrotpheic(kSnEeMss) oimf tahgeporfinthtedresstruultcitnugreAsuwsahsomwesaasusrigedniufisciangt afowrmhaitteiolnigohft sininteterrfenroecmkester. The results showed that the thicknesses were between 200 nm for the 3-layer and 600 nm for the 9- betTwheernestuhletsnsahnowpaedrtitchlaetstahnedthinicdkinceastesessawpeorreobuestwmeoernph20o0longmy.for the 3-layer and 600 nm for the 9-layer layer printed structures. This results in a thickness of ca. 70 nm per layer. printed structures. This results in a thickness of ca. 70 nm per layer. The widths of the structures in the printing layout were 125 μm (5 pixels (px)), 250 μm (10 px) The widths of the structures in the printing layout were 125 μm (5 pixels (px)), 250 μm (10 px) and and 375 μm (15 px). Due to the wetting behavior of the Au ink on the COC, the actual width of the 375 μm (15 px). Due to the wetting behavior of the Au ink on the COC, the actual width of the printed Figure 2. Surface of WE (9 layers) after photonic sintering taken with a reflected light microscope (a) printed structures deviated from the layout. The measured widths of the printed structures were structures deviated from the layout. The measured widths of the printed structures were between and with a SEM (b). between 260 μm (5 px) and 600 μm (15 px) which results in 60%–100% wider structures. The cross- 260 μm (5 px) and 600 μm (15 px) which results in 60–100% wider structures. The cross-sectional sectional profiles were similar and displayed no visible coffee stain effect. profiles were similar and displayed no visible coffee stain effect. The layer thickness of the printed structures was measured using a white light interferometer. The results showed that the thicknesses were between 200 nm for the 3-layer and 600 nm for the 9- 3..1..2. EllecttrriicallCharactteriizattiion layer printed structures. This results in a thickness of ca. 70 nm per layer. Figure3sshowsstthheevvaarriaiatitoionnooffththeemmeaenanrerseisitsatnacneceofotfhteheprpinritnetdedAuA-ust-rsutrcutuctruersesinstinertedrefdorfo1rh1 The widths of the structures in the printing layout were 125 μm (5 pixels (px)), 250 μm (10 px) ◦ minimum of 18 measurements was carried out. Foreachofftthetthrreediifffferent tested number of llayers printed structures deviated from the layout. The measured widths of the printed structures were (3-, 6- and 9-layers), one COC substrate was used. The error bars indicate the standard deviation of between 260 μm (5 px) and 600 μm (15 px) which results in 60%–100% wider structures. The cross- the measurements. As expectted,, by iincreasing the conductor width and the number of printed llayers sectional profiles were similar and displayed no visible coffee stain effect. ahta1t3103°0C,Cw,hwichhicihsitshtehehihgihgehsetsptrporcoecsessasbalbeletetmempepreartautruereofofththeeuusesdedCCOOCC..FFoorreeaacchhmeaanvalluea and 375 μm (15 px). Due to the wetting behavior of the Au ink on the COC, the actual width of the 3.1.2. Electrical CharacterizationPDF Image | Inkjet-Printing Nanoparticle Gold Silver Ink Cyclic Olefin
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