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Sensors 2020, 20, 1333 10 of 15 Sensors 2019, 19, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 15 of hybridized signal probes (P) based on the charge (Q) transferred from the methylene blue labels the number of hybridized signal probes (P) based on the charge (Q) transferred from the methylene according to Faraday’s law P = Q/nF, where F is the Faraday constant and n the number of transferred blue labels according to Faraday’s law P = Q/nF, where F is the Faraday constant and n the number electrons (n = 2 for methylene blue). The number of hybridized signal probes shows no correlation of transferred electrons (n = 2 for methylene blue). The number of hybridized signal probes shows no with the effective surface AOxide or the number of capture probes (Figure 6b). correlation with the effective surface AOxide or the number of capture probes (Figure 6b). Figure 6. Hybridization signals at electrodes of the 2D arrays. (a): Signal recorded by cyclic voltammetry Figure 6. Hybridization signals at electrodes of the 2D arrays. (a): Signal recorded by cyclic (500 mV/s) vs. the inkjet-printed Ag reference electrode (RE) after one hour of hybridization for voltammetry (500 mV/s) vs. the inkjet-printed Ag reference electrode (RE) after one hour of functionalized (solid curves) and non-functionalized (dotted) electrodes consisting of 9 (ocher), 6 (grey), hybridization for functionalized (solid curves) and non-functionalized (dotted) electrodes consisting or 3 layers (red). For reasons of clarity, the CV of SPE is displayed in the supplementary information of 9 (ocher), 6 (grey), or 3 layers (red). For reasons of clarity, the CV of SPE is displayed in the (Figure S10). (b): Number of hybridized signal probes as calculated from the charge transferred during supplementary information (Figure S10). (b): Number of hybridized signal probes as calculated from reduction of the methylene blue label. The result is displayed for the electrodes (3 electrodes per the charge transferred during reduction of the methylene blue label. The result is displayed for the electrode type) that sense complementary signal probes during the first (solid red bars) and the second electrodes (3 electrodes per electrode type) that sense complementary signal probes during the first (hatched grey) hybridization reaction. The number of inkjet-printed layers is given in brackets. (solid red bars) and the second (hatched grey) hybridization reaction. The number of inkjet-printed layers is given in brackets. After stripping, the rehybridization with the complementary signal probe 1 led to signals that are in good agreement with the first hybridization reaction (Figure 6b), demonstrating a good stability of After stripping, the rehybridization with the complementary signal probe 1 led to signals that surface functionalization. Hybridization reactions with the non-complementary signal probe 2 did not are in good agreement with the first hybridization reaction (Figure 6b), demonstrating a good result in signals that are detectable by CV. stability of surface functionalization. Hybridization reactions with the non-complementary signal It is worth noting that the Ag-covered contact pads withstood the seven attachment/detachment probe 2 did not result in signals that are detectable by CV. cycles with the card-edge connector during the course of the experiment. It is worth noting that the Ag-covered contact pads withstood the seven attachment/detachment 4. Discussion Finally, hybridization reactions were conducted with the 2.5D array. Each array featured two cycles with the card-edge connector during the course of the experiment. electrodes functionalized with capture probe 1, capture probe 2, or no capture probe, respectively. The Finally, hybridization reactions were conducted with the 2.5D array. Each array featured two results (see SI Figure S11) confirmed the specific hybridization of the signal probe exclusively to its electrodes functionalized with capture probe 1, capture probe 2, or no capture probe, respectively. complementary capture probes. Furthermore, it proved that electrodes can be successfully introduced The results (see SI figure S11) confirmed the specific hybridization of the signal probe exclusively to in a 2.5D structure. its complementary capture probes. Furthermore, it proved that electrodes can be successfully introduced in a 2.5D structure 4. Discussion The inkjet-printed gold-structures presented in this work were stable, when printed on oxygen plasma pretreated COC. The results of the cross cut tests have shown a strong influence of the plasma The inkjet-printed gold-structures presented in this work were stable, when printed on oxygen power and sintering temperature on the adhesion. The strongest adhesion was reached using a plasma plasma pretreated COC. The results of the cross cut tests have shown a strong influence of the plasma power of 40 W for 20 s and a sintering temperature of 130 ◦C for 1 h with a subsequent photonic curing. power and sintering temperature on the adhesion. The strongest adhesion was reached using a A possible reason for the decrease in adhesion of the Au structure on COC could be a damage of the plasma power of 40 W for 20 s and a sintering temperature of 130 °C for 1 hour with a subsequent COC surface by the higher ion bombardment with a plasma power of 60 W. A strong overtreatment of photonic curing. A possible reason for the decrease in adhesion of the Au structure on COC could be the polymer surface can cause an excessive bond breakage and oxidation. This could lead to massive a damage of the COC surface by the higher ion bombardment with a plasma power of 60 W. A strong formation of low-molecular-weight oxidized molecules, which remain on the polymer surface as solid overtreatment of the polymer surface can cause an excessive bond breakage and oxidation. This could lead to massive formation of low-molecular-weight oxidized molecules, which remain on the polymer surface as solid debris [33]. When using a lower plasma power of 20 W with a longerPDF Image | Inkjet-Printing Nanoparticle Gold Silver Ink Cyclic Olefin
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