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Polymers 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 12 Polymers 2020, 12, 2441 4 of 12 The Raman data were collected using 10 mW of 785 nm laser with 10 s acquisition time. For the FT- IR analysis of the NPs, the samples were prepared by mixing with KBr disc with 1/50 ratio. The pore 10 mW of 785 nm laser with 10 s acquisition time. For the FT-IR analysis of the NPs, the samples were properties of nanofiber membranes were examined by a capillary flow porometer (Porolux 1000, BT- prepared by mixing with KBr disc with 1/50 ratio. The pore properties of nanofiber membranes were FT GmbH, Berlin, Germany) using N2 gas. The sample was fully soaked in a Porewick standard examined by a capillary flow porometer (Porolux 1000, BT-FT GmbH, Berlin, Germany) using N2 gas. solution with a 16.0 dynes/cm surface tension for 30 min, and the measurement was carried out under The sample was fully soaked in a Porewick standard solution with a 16.0 dynes/cm surface tension for wet and dry method. The porosity of nanofiber membranes (5.0 cm × 5.0 cm) was measured by 30 min, and the measurement was carried out under wet and dry method. The porosity of nanofiber comparing the dry and wet weights of the membrane after soaking them in n-butanol for 2 h. The membranes (5.0 cm × 5.0 cm) was measured by comparing the dry and wet weights of the membrane porosity was then calculated by the following Equation (1): after soaking them in n-butanol for 2 h. The porosity was then calculated by the following Equation (1): % (1) W−W w d P(%)= (1) ρb × Vd where Ww is the weight of the wet membrane, Wd is the weight of the dry membrane, ρb is the density of n-butanol, and Vd is the volume of the dry membrane. The thickness of the nanofiber membrane where Ww is the weight of the wet membrane, Wd is the weight of the dry membrane, ρb is the density was measured by a digital Vernier caliper (ABS Digimatic Thickness Gauge, Mitutoyo Corp., of n-butanol, and Vd is the volume of the dry membrane. The thickness of the nanofiber membrane Kawasaki, Japan). The wettability change of the nanofiber membrane was monitored by a contact was measured by a digital Vernier caliper (ABS Digimatic Thickness Gauge, Mitutoyo Corp., Kawasaki, angle analyzer (Phoenix 300, SEO Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea) using a water droplet. Japan). The wettability change of the nanofiber membrane was monitored by a contact angle analyzer (Phoenix 300, SEO Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Korea) using a water droplet. 2.5. Antimicrobial Activity of PAN/Ag/GO Composite Nanofiber Membrane 2.5. Antimicrobial Activity of PAN/Ag/GO Composite Nanofiber Membrane To demonstrate the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanofiber membranes, two different bacteTroialdsetmraoinst(rGatreamth-eneagnatitbivaec;teEr.iacollai.c(t−iv)iatyndofGtrhaemp-rpeopsaitrievde;nSa.naoufirebuesr (m+)e)mwberaenems,ptlwoyoediffinertehnist bstaucdteyr.iaTlhsetrbaainctse(rGiarlasmtr-aninegsawtievree; Eg.rocowlin. (u−n)tailntdheGarabmso-rpotisoitnivpee; aSk. aruarneguisn(g+f)r)owmer0e.1e3m2ptolo0y.e1d8 iant t6h0i0s sntmud,yw.hTihcehbinadctiecraitaelssatrbaoinust1w0e8reCgorlonwyn-fuonrmtilinthgeuanbisto(rCpFtiUon).p15ea0kμrLanogfitnhgefgrroomw0n.1b3a2cteor0ia.1l8suastp6e0n0sniomn, whasichinioncduilcaatteeds ainbdoiuvtid1u08alClyolionn1y0-fmorLmionfgnuntritie(nCtFbUr)o.t1h50(NμBL)obfyththeegrdoiwscndbifafcutseiroianl msuestpheondsi(oKnirwbays- iBnaouceurlamtedthiond)i.vTidhueaslalmyipnle10(6mLmofofnautdriescntshbaropteh)w(NaBs)pblayctehdeodnistcheditffoupsaionndmthethzonde(Kofiribnyh-iBbiatuioenr mwaesthroedco).rdTehdeasfatemrpinlecu(6bamtimonotfhaemdisact 3sh7a°pCef)owr 2a4s phlianceadn onvetnh.e top and the zone of inhibition was recorded after incubation them at 37 ◦C for 24 h in an oven. 2.6. Water flux and Antifouling Test of PAN/Ag/GO Composite Nanofiber Membrane 2.6. Water flux and Antifouling Test of PAN/Ag/GO Composite Nanofiber Membrane The membrane performance and antifouling test were carried out using a fixed dead-end device. The membrane performance and antifouling test were2 carried out using a fixed dead-end device. Thepurewaterfluxtestwascarriedoutusinga0.00310m membranecellanddeionizedwaterat50 The pure water flux test was carried out using a 0.00310 m2 membrane cell and deionized water kPa. The weight change was measured as a function of time and calculated by the following Equation at 50 kPa. The weight change was measured as a function of time and calculated by the following (2). Equation (2). where Ji is water flux (L/m2 2∙h), Q is water permeate volume (L), A is an effective area of the samp2le Q (2) Ji = ∆ (2) A∆t where Ji is water flux (L/m ·h), Q is water permeate volume (L), A is an effective area of the sample (m ), (m2), and t is permeation time (h). The trans membrane pressure (TMP) of the membrane was and t is permeation time (h). The trans membrane pressure (TMP) of the membrane was measured measured under 100 LMH of constant permeate with swine wastewater, which was obtained in a under 100 LMH of constant permeate with swine wastewater, which was obtained in a wastewater wastewater treatment plant in Korea. The TMP change was monitored in real-time by a directly treatment plant in Korea. The TMP change was monitored in real-time by a directly connected pressure connected pressure gauge. Scheme 1 shows the overall water treatment process. gauge. Scheme 1 shows the overall water treatment process. Scheme 1. The schematic diagram of water treatment process. Scheme 1. The schematic diagram of water treatment process.PDF Image | Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Membrane Water Purification
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