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Polymers 2020, 12, 2441 6 of 12 incorporation of the synthesized nanofillers into the nanofibers via electrospinning. However, Polymers 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 12 the average diameter of individual nanofiber strands and its distribution showed distinctively different patterns upon the addition of GO and Ag/GO nanocomposite. The GO-incorporated nanofibers distinctively different patterns upon the addition of GO and Ag/GO nanocomposite. The GO- displayed thicker fiber strands with a broad distribution compared to that of bare-PAN nanofibers incorporated nanofibers displayed thicker fiber strands with a broad distribution compared to that (656 ± 59 nm for bare-PAN and 688 ± 177 nm for GO-PAN, respectively), while the Ag/GO-incorporated of bare-PAN nanofibers (656 ± 59 nm for bare-PAN and 688 ± 177 nm for GO-PAN, respectively), nanofibers showed thinner fiber strands (544 ± 82 nm). In order to understand this structural feature, while the Ag/GO-incorporated nanofibers showed thinner fiber strands (544 ± 82 nm). In order to the viscosity of precursor solution was examined prior to electrospinning because this parameter is understand this structural feature, the viscosity of precursor solution was examined prior to considered as an important factor to determine the final fiber diameter during electrospinning (e.g., electrospinning because this parameter is considered as an important factor to determine the final the higher the viscosity, the smaller the fiber diameter) [44]. However, after the addition of GO and fiber diameter during electrospinning (e.g., the higher the viscosity, the smaller the fiber diameter) Ag/GO composites into the PAN solution, the viscosity slightly increased from 840 cp (bare PAN [44]. However, after the addition of GO and Ag/GO composites into the PAN solution, the viscosity solution) to 890 cp and 875 cp (GO and Ag/GO-PAN solution, respectively). This result suggested slightly increased from 840 cp (bare PAN solution) to 890 cp and 875 cp (GO and Ag/GO-PAN that the miscibility between the nanofillers and polymer nanofibers can act as an important factor to solution, respectively). This result suggested that the miscibility between the nanofillers and polymer determine the characteristics of final diameters. The increase in the fiber diameter of the GO-PAN nanofibers can act as an important factor to determine the characteristics of final diameters. The nanofibers was anticipated due to the excellent miscibility (e.g, hydrophilicity) between the GO and increase in the fiber diameter of the GO-PAN nanofibers was anticipated due to the excellent PAN. This led to a formation of the embedded state of GO, implying that most GO was embedded miscibility (e.g, hydrophilicity) between the GO and PAN. This led to a formation of the embedded within PAN nanofibers. Whereas, Ag/GO-PAN nanofibers showed a poor miscibility due to slightly state of GO, implying that most GO was embedded within PAN nanofibers. Whereas, Ag/GO-PAN different polarities which led to a decrease in fiber diameter and poor distribution of the nanofibers. nanofibers showed a poor miscibility due to slightly different polarities which led to a decrease in The contact angle measurement was carried out to confirm the effect of fillers on the surface polarity fiber diameter and poor distribution of the nanofibers. The contact angle measurement was carried of the final membrane. The wettability, permeability of the membrane were significantly reduced, out to confirm the effect of fillers on the surface polarity of the final membrane. The wettability, which confirmed the importance for utilizing fillers in the water purification system [30]. The water permeability of the membrane were significantly reduced, which confirmed the importance for contact angle of the nanofiber membrane slightly decreased from 39◦ to 36◦ upon the incorporation of utilizing fillers in the water purification system [30]. The water contact angle of the nanofiber GO, but the Ag/GO-PAN nanofiber membrane exhibited a slight increase of the angle from 39◦ to 40◦. membrane slightly decreased from 39° to 36° upon the incorporation of GO, but the Ag/GO-PAN This result strongly supported that Ag/GO composite has more hydrophobic characters than GO due nanofiber membrane exhibited a slight increase of the angle from 39° to 40°. This result strongly to their higher reduction of oxygen functional groups (e.g., –C=O, –COOH, –OH) during the synthesis supported that Ag/GO composite has more hydrophobic characters than GO due to their higher process [45]. reduction of oxygen functional groups (e.g., -C=O, -COOH, -OH) during the synthesis process [45]. Figure 2. Digital photos (a–c), SEM images (d–f), and contact angle of nanofiber membrane: (a) and Figure 2. Digital photos (a–c), SEM images (d–f), and contact angle of nanofiber membrane: (d) bare-PAN, (b,e) GO-PAN, and (c) and (f) Ag/GO-PAN nanofiber membranes, where the top right (a,d) bare-PAN, (b,e) GO-PAN, and (c,f) Ag/GO-PAN nanofiber membranes, where the top right value indicates the average diameter of nanofibers. value indicates the average diameter of nanofibers. Raamaansspeeccttrraaoffttheeprreepaarreednnaannoofifbibeerrmeembbrraanneessweerreeeexxaaminineeddttooffuurrtthheerruunnddeerrssttaanndtthee cchheemicicaallstsrturcutcutruerseosfoGfOGaOndaAngd/GAOg/cGoOmpcosmitepsoasnitdesthaenirdintchoeriproirnactoiornpoinratotiPoAnNinntoanPoAfibNern(Faingoufriebe3r a(nFdigSuurpep3leamndenStuapryplFeimguernetaSr4y).FTighuerGeOS4-)a.nTdheAGg/OG-Oa-nPdANAgn/aGnOo-fiPbAerNmneamnobfriabneersmexehmibirtaendetsweoxhstirboitnegd −1 −1 −1 −1 ptewaokssatrto1n3g30pcemaks astso1c3i3a0tedcmwithasDso-bciaanteddanwdit1h59D0-cbmand aasnsodci1a5te9d0 wcmith Ga-sbsaoncida,teredspweictthiveGl-yb[a3n7d]., respectively [37]. However, the bare-PAN nanofiber membrane did not show such distinctive peaks in all spectra. This result clearly supported the presence of GO and Ag/GO composite into the PAN polymer matrix. Herein, we noted the difference of D-band and G-band ratio between GO and Ag/GO composite to understand their polarity. 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