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Polymers 2020, 12, 2441 9 of 12 Polymers 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 12 optimized for the development of nanofiber-based membranes for water purification system, so our should still be optimized for the development of nanofiber-based membranes for water purification future study will involve the characterization of selectivity of organic debris (e.g., protein) and/or system, so our future study will involve the characterization of selectivity of organic debris (e.g., inorganic species (e.g., heavy metal ions). protein) and/or inorganic species (e.g., heavy metal ions). Figure 5.. ((a)) Purewatterr permeabiilliitty and (b) trans membrane pressure (TMP) of the nanofifiber membrane. (Note; the TMP was tested with harsh wastewater). 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions In this work, silver nanoparticle modified graphene oxide (Ag/GO) was reliably prepared via a In this work, silver nanoparticle modified graphene oxide (Ag/GO) was reliably prepared via a one-pot synthesis method using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of citric acid capping one-pot synthesis method using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of citric acid capping agents. The prepared NPs were characterized by STEM, UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy to examine agents. The prepared NPs were characterized by STEM, UV-vis, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy to their chemical structure, size, and shape, which served as fillers in the polymeric nanofiber membrane. examine their chemical structure, size, and shape, which served as fillers in the polymeric nanofiber This simple strategy allowed for the rapid formation of Ag nanoparticles and readily entrapped them membrane. This simple strategy allowed for the rapid formation of Ag nanoparticles and readily on the GO surface. The resulting Ag/GO composite exhibited a good dispersity under our experimental entrapped them on the GO surface. The resulting Ag/GO composite exhibited a good dispersity conditions due to the presence of oxygen functional group. Subsequent electrospinning of a precursor under our experimental conditions due to the presence of oxygen functional group. Subsequent solution with the hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Ag/GO composite resulted in the successful electrospinning of a precursor solution with the hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Ag/GO formation of nanofibers without any notable defects. The resulting Ag/GO-PAN membrane was composite resulted in the successful formation of nanofibers without any notable defects. The comprehensively evaluated by comparing with the bare-PAN and GO-PAN membrane in order to resulting Ag/GO-PAN membrane was comprehensively evaluated by comparing with the bare-PAN understand how the loading of different GO-based fillers impacts the overall properties of nanofiber and GO-PAN membrane in order to understand how the loading of different GO-based fillers membranes and their water purification performance. These results showed that the Ag/GO-PAN impacts the overall properties of nanofiber membranes and their water purification performance. nanofiber membrane possessed thinner fiber strands (544 nm) and smaller pore size (243 nm) compared These results showed that the Ag/GO-PAN nanofiber membrane possessed thinner fiber strands (544 to that of Bare-PAN. This observation implied that the miscibility between GO-based nanofillers and nm) and smaller pore size (243 nm) compared to that of Bare-PAN. This observation implied that the polymer could play a key factor in controlling the fiber diameter and the pore size. In addition, miscibility between GO-based nanofillers and polymer could play a key factor in controlling the fiber the Ag/GO-PAN membrane exhibited greater antibacterial activity, 30% increasing water permeability, diameter and the pore size. In addition, the Ag/GO-PAN membrane exhibited greater antibacterial and anti-fouling efficiency than the bare-PAN nanofiber membrane. Overall, this simple modification activity, 30% increasing water permeability, and anti-fouling efficiency than the bare-PAN nanofiber strategy to effectively incorporate interesting fillers into nanofiber membranes could provide a guide to membrane. Overall, this simple modification strategy to effectively incorporate interesting fillers into greatly improve the general properties of pristine nanofiber membrane when applying to a MF-based nanofiber membranes could provide a guide to greatly improve the general properties of pristine water purification system. nanofiber membrane when applying to a MF-based water purification system. Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/11/2441/s1, Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at www.mdpi.com/xxx/s1, Figure S1. UV-vis Figure S1. UV-vis spectra of Ag nanoparticle colloidal solution synthesized by using NaBH4 reducing agent spectra of Ag nanoparticle colloidal solution synthesized by using NaBH4 reducing agent as function of time. as function of time. Figure S2. STEM image of Ag/GO composite synthesized via thermal-driven process. FigureS32.. FST-EIRMsipmecatgrea of AGgO/GanOdcAomg/GpoOsictoemsypnotshitees.izFeidguvrieaSt4h.eRrmamala-dnrsivpenctrparocfepsrse.pFaigreudrenaSn3.oFfiTb-eIrRmspemecbtranoef after baseline correction. Figure S5. Antimicrobial activity of PVdF nanofiber membrane loaded GO-based GO and Ag/GO composite. Figure S4. Raman spectra of prepared nanofiber membrane after baseline correction. nanomaterials for gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Figure S6. (a) Feed Wastewater and (b) Figure S5. Antimicrobial activity of PVdF nanofiber membrane loaded GO-based nanomaterials for gram- dead-end-cell device for water permeability and antifouling characterization of nanofiber membranes. positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Figure S6. (a) Feed Wastewater and (b) dead-end-cell device for water Author Contributions: Conceptualization of the study: W.J.; Investigation and formal analysis: J.Y. and W.J.; permeability and antifouling characterization of nanofiber membranes. Writing—original draft preparation: W.J.; writing—review and final editing: Y.P. and I.K.P.; Supervision and pAruotjehcotraCdomnitnrisbturatitioons:: C.oHn.cLe.patnudaliHza.Bti.o; nFuonfdtihnegsatucqduyi:sWiti.oJn.;:InCv.Hes.tLig. aAtlilonauatnhdorfsohrmavael raenaadlyasnisd: Ja.gYr.eaenddtoWth.Je.; published version of the manuscript. Writing—original draft preparation: W.J.; writing—review and final editing: Y.P. and I.K.P.; Supervision and project administration: C.H.L. and H.B.; Funding acquisition: C.H.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.PDF Image | Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Membrane Water Purification
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