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126 reactors configurations leading to a different micromixing. In fact, it is well known that the SDR is very effective to produce complete micromixing over its surface (de Capraris et al., 2012) and turbine impeller produces a higher turbulence at his periphery with respect to three blade marine propeller. The obtained results in terms of SNP’s size confirms the importance of micromixing, in fact the minimum detected size was equal 21, 14 and 12 nm by using the marine propeller, turbine and spinning disc, respectively, which provides in order an increasing micromixing. The minimum average nanoparticles size obtained by the configuration SDR+STR with turbine is around 16 nm, thus less than the minimum average value reported by Chee Meng Gu et. al (2012) of 26 nm. It has to be noticed that in runs 2 and 3 where only the turbine impeller was used some big nanoparticles, some hundreds of nm in size were detected. This is because turbine cannot provide a good macromixing and in some parts of the vessel volume, at the bottom and near the liquid surface, a relatively low supersaturation persists throughout the whole run, leading to a continuous growing of some nanoparticles. The best performance in terms of yield was shown by the STR with turbine impeller, i.e. 93% in run 2. This valuable result was due to the very effective attained micromixing together with a suitable residence time. On the contrary a relatively low value of yield was obtained by coupling the SDR with the STR, regardless of the high micromixing expected by the use of the SDR, however in this case the residence time was probably not enough long because of the increasing volume of the overall reaction mixture. 4. Conclusions In this work,it was investigated the effects ofthe ratio starch/silver nitrate and some reactor configurations on the production of silver nanoparticles using the green synthesis process. In spite of the explorative aspect of the experimental study, some interesting results have been obtained in particular on the influence of the mixing intensification between the reagent solutions. In fact, it has been shown that by adopting mixing devices, which improves the micromixing, the SNP’s size should be decreased down to an average value of 16 nm. Such SNP size resulted less than those ones reported in recent works in literature, even when an intensified mixing reactor, as the rotating bed, was adopted. By assuming a suitable residence time as that one in the run 2 a relatively high yield value of 93 % was obtained. Finally good purity values, higher than 90 % was observed. In conclusion, It seems that the green synthetic process to produce SNP may lead to satisfactory performances also by using a simple reactor as an STR provided by a turbine, but better results should be expected in a future work by using the SDR coupled with a following STR and by assuring a suitable residence time for the completion of the reaction. Acknowledgments The Authors acknowledge the financial support received by the EU TEMPUS programme under the project “ECONANO” number 543924-TEMPUS-1-2013-1-IT-TEMPUS-JPCR (2013-4533/001-001) References Baffi G., Cafiero M.L., Chianese A., Jachuck R., 2002, Process Intensification: Precipitation of Barium SulphateUsing a Spinning Disc Reactor (SDR), Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 41, 5240-46 Chen, J., Zheng C., 1996, Interaction of macro-and micromixing onparticle size distribution in reactive precipitation. Chem. Eng. Sci. 51, 1957−1966. CheeMeng Ng, Pao Chi Chen and SivakumarManickam, 2012, Green High-Gravitational Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Rotating Packed Bed Reactor (RPBR), Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51, 5375−5381 de Caprariis B., Di Rita M., Stoller M., Verdone N., Chianese A., 2012, Reaction-precipitation by a spinning disc reactor: Influence of hydrodynamics on nanoparticles production, Chem. Eng. Science 76, 73–80 Raveendran, P., Fu, J.,Wallen, S. L., 2003,Completely “green”synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc.125, 13940−13941. Stoller M., Miranda L. and Chianese A., 2009, Optimal Feed Location In A Spinning Disc Reactor for the Production of TiO2 Nanoparticles, CET, 373-378.PDF Image | Reactor Configuration on the Production of Silver Nanoparticles
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