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7. Toxicity S. Gajbhiye, S. Sakharwade Silver nanoparticles are not studied extensively for their probable toxicity, but particlesize does play an impor- tant role [41]. Dr. Emma Meredith, head of scientific and technical; services at the UK’s cosmetic Toiletry and perfumery association (CTPA), says that if nano materials posed a risk or was unsafe as any other material it wouldn’t be used in cosmetic. This is proved that nanomaterials don’t penetrate to reach cutis [42]. It is neces- sary to consider various parameters like sizes, methods of preparation, variations in evaluation tests while building up evidence of possible Silvernano toxicity. The studies carried on different organisms and on cell cul- ture did not reportedly produce any conclusive evaluation of silver nanoparticle toxicity [43] [44]. However this is imperative to study the intracellular activity and function of nanomaterials, for the develop- ment of effective and safe nanoparticle to be used as cosmeceuticals. 8. Conclusion With the data collected from this study, we conclude that the silver nanoparticles are safe to use in cosmetics depending upon the particle size, as it seems that the smaller particles present higher toxicity compared with bigger nanoparticles. Further studies are needed to understand the exact role of free radicals in the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles and the mechanisms of antimicrobial properties in the particles. Very few formulations containing nanosilver are available at this point of time, [2] because the complete potential of nanosilver is not explored. The nanosilver can be used for anti acne, anti dandruff, healing agent, anti scaring agent etc. in cos- metic formulation. Therefore further studies in this aspect will certainly be important and useful. However, fur- ther studies are also needed to examine cytotoxicity of nanoparticles towards human cells before using them in the cosmetics products and thus, more studies are needed to better understand the toxicity and safe use of silver nanoparticles in cosmetics. References [1] Greßler, S. and Gazso, A. (2010) Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. Nano Dossiers. http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/0xc1aa500e_0x0024f6b3.pdf [2] (2006) Friends of the Earth Report—Nanomaterials, Sunscreens and Cosmetics: Small Ingredients Big Risks. http://www.nano.foe.org.au [3] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425166/figure/F2/ [4] Raj, S. and Jose, S. (2012) Nanotechnology in Cosmetic: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Pharmacy and Bio- allied Sciences, 4, 186-193. http://www.medicaldaily.com/new-non-toxic-silver-nanoparticles-may-soon-target-cancer-tumors-287122 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.99016 [5] Iyer, S. (2014) New Non-Toxic Silver Nano Particles May Soon Target Cancer Tumors. Article from Medical Daily Science/Tech. [6] Shoseyov, O. and Levy, I. (2008) Nano BioTechnology, BioInspired Devices and Materials of the Future. 322. [7] European Commission Public Health: Are Silver Nanoparticles Safe? Implications for Health, the Environment and Microbial Resistance. http://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/silver-nanoparticles/index.htm [8] Kim, K.-J. (2008) Antifungal Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Dermatophytes. Journal of Microbiology and Biotech- nology, 18, 1482-1484. [9] Noorbakhsh, F. (2011) Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticle Alone and with Combination of Antifungal Drug on Dermatophyte Pathogen Trichophyton Rubrum. International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinfor- matics IPCBEE, 5, 364-367. [10] (2014) Scientists Warn against Harmful Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Used in Cosmetics and More. http://cosmetics.specialchem.com/news/industry-news/scientists-warn-against-harmful-effects-of-silver-nanoparticles- used-in-cosmetics-and-more [11] Mukherji, S., et al. (2012) Nano-Antimicrobials Progress and Prospects. In: Cioffi, N. and Rai, M., Eds., 226. [12] Rai, M. (2009) Silver Nanoparicle as a New Generation of Antimicrobials. Biotechnology Advance, 237, 76-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002 [13] Cho, K.-H., Park, J.-E., Osaka, T. and Park, S.G. (2005) The Study of Antimicrobial Activity and Preservative Effects of Nanosilver Ingredient. Electrochimica Acta, 51, 956-960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.071 51PDF Image | Silver Nanoparticles in Cosmetics 2016
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