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Processes 2020, 8, 388 6 of 14 Processes 2019, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 14 3.2. FTIR Spectroscopy 214 FTIR spectroscopy, an analytical technique, was employed to discover the biomolecules of FTIR spectroscopy, an analytical technique, was employed to discover the biomolecules of Nigella 215 Nigella sativa seeds extract that were bound particularly on the synthesized AgNPs. FTIR results sativa seeds extract that were bound particularly on the synthesized AgNPs. FTIR results (Figure 2A) 216 (Figure 2A) for Nigella sativa showed the compounds responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs. FTIR for Nigella sativa showed the compounds responsible-1 for the synthesis of AgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy 217 spectroscopy was scanned at a range 400–4000 cm of resolution to ensure the formation of silver −1 was scanned at a range 400–4000 cm of resolution to ensure the formation of silver nanopartic-1les. 218 nanoparticles. Bands were observed at 3421.30, 2923.92, 2350.08, 1019.06, 666.76, and 2926 cm . The Bands were observed at 3421.30, 2923.92, 2350.08, 1019.06, 666.76, and 2926 cm−1. The bands at 3421.30 219 bands at 3421.30 and 2923.92 cm-1 demonstrated the reduction of silver ions in NPs. The band at and 2923.92 cm−1 demonstrated the reduction of silver ions in NPs. The band at 1019.06 cm−1 showed 220 1019.06 cm-1 showed the N-H bonding vibrate of amides. The band in seed extract at 1019.06 to 666.76 the N-H bonding vibrate of amides. The band in seed extract at 1019.06 to 666.76 cm−1 after the bio 221 cm-1 after the bio reduction of AgNP’s pointed out the C=C stretching mode in the aromatic reduction of AgNP’s pointed out the C=C stretching mode in the aromatic compounds which validated 222 compounds which validated the presence of aromatic compounds like flavonoids. The peaks the presence of aromatic compounds like flavonoids. The peaks observed at the 605 cm−1 confirms the 223 observed at the 605 cm-1 confirms the C-S stretch (Figure 2B). C-S stretch (Figure 2B). 224 This finding was supported by the previous findings that were conducted on different plant This finding was supported by the previous findings that were conducted on different plant 225 extract [24-26]. In this regard, silver nanoparticle using garlic extract reported stretching peaks at 3270 extract [24–26]. In this regard, silver nanoparticle using garlic extract reported stretching peaks at 226 and 2930 cm−1, pro−b1 ably belonging to –O–H and –C–H peaks, correspondingly, which match to 3270 and 2930 cm , probably belonging to –O–H and –C–H peaks, correspondingly, which match to 227 sugars in the garlic extract. Furthermore, it is identified that garlic hold sugars including sucrose and sugars in the garlic extract. Furthermore, it is identified that garlic hold sugars including sucrose and 228 fructose, which play role as reducing and stabilizing agents [27]. So, based on finding FTIR results fructose, which play role as reducing and stabilizing agents [27]. So, based on finding FTIR results 229 confirmed that biomolecules and some proteins are present in the extract sample to protect it from confirmed that biomolecules and some proteins are present in the extract sample to protect it from 230 further changes and responsible for capping, stabilization and reduction of Ag+ to AgNPs. further changes and responsible for capping, stabilization and reduction of Ag+ to AgNPs. 3.3. X-ray Diffraction Analysis 231 3.3. X-ray Diffraction Analysis 232 XRD analysis was performed to examine the crystalline characteristics of the biosynthesized AgNPs produced by the seed of Nigella sativa seeds extract. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the XRD analysis was performed to examine the crystalline characteristics of the biosynthesized 233 AgNPs produced by the seed of Nigella sativa seeds extract. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the ◦◦ 234 biosynthesized AgNPs procured by the seed of Nigella sativa extract was determined at 29.18 , 34.18 , 39.45◦, 47.18◦ and can be indexed to the angle values of (111), (200), (220), (240) crystalline planes biosynthesized AgNPs procured by the seed of Nigella sativa extract was determined at 29.18 , 34.18 , oo 235 39.45o, 47.18o and can be indexed to the angle values of (111), (200), (220), (240) crystalline planes of of cubic silver (Figure 2C).The diffraction pattern result based on Nigella sativa extract established 236 cubic silver (Figure 2C).The diffraction pattern result based on Nigella sativa extract established the the formation of particles was nano in size, crystalline and stable in nature. In this sense, similar 237 formation of particles was nano in size, crystalline and stable in nature. In this sense, similar observations with biosynthesized nanoparticles have been demonstrated [28,29]. XRD data and The 238 observations with biosynthesized nanoparticles have been demonstrated [28,29]. XRD data and The Scherrer equation was used to calculate the average size of Ag nanoparticles from extract [30]. 239 Scherrer equation was used to calculate the average size of Ag nanoparticles from extract [30]. 240 243 3.4. SEM and TEM Analysis Figure 2. (A) FTIR spectrum of Nigella sativa seed extract (B) FTIR spectrum of AgNp’s (C) XRD 241 Fisgpuercetr2u.m(Aof)AFgTNIRp’spoefcNtriugmellaoSfatNiviag.ella sativa seed extract (B) FTIR spectrum of AgNp’s (C) XRD 242 spectrum of AgNp’s of Nigella Sativa. 244 SEM analysis was done to check the dimensions and shape of the nanoparticles. The AgNPs 245 synthesized from Nigella sativa were of uniform size disseminated evenly and spherical in shapePDF Image | Silver Nanoparticles Seed Extract Nigella sativa blackseed
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