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Theranostics 2020, Vol. 10, Issue 20 Table 5. Anticancer Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles 9009 References [229] [261] [244] [22] [273] [274] [275] [276] [277] [278] [23] [279] [280] [240] [281] [159] [282] [211] [24] [283] [284] [285] [29] [286] [269] [287] [21] Cancer cell lines HeLa cells HeLa cells HeLa cells HeLa cells A549 A549 MCF-7 MCF-7 MCF-7 MCF-7, EAC A549 MCF-7; MDA-MB-231 A549 A549; Hep G2 HT29 HCT116 HCT-116 PANC-1 SCC-25 HOS; HCC CNE; HEp-2 PC-3 DU145; PC-3; SKOV3; A549 DLA SKBR3; 8701-BC; HT-29; HCT 116; Caco-2 Murine fibrosarcoma BxPC-3; A549; PC-3; Hep G2; CNE1; AsPC-1; U-87 MG; SW480; EC109; MDA-MB-231 AgNPs Synthesis methods Plant Plant Chemical Chemical Fungi Plant Plant Plant Peptides Algae Plant Plant Plant Purchased Plant Bacteria Plant Purchased Purchased Fungi Chemical Plant Plant Bacteria Bacteria Chemical Physical Size; Shape 40 nm; spherical and pentagonal 33 nm; face- centered-cubic 20–40 nm; spherical 26.5 ± 8.4 nm; spherical 25 nm; round and triangular 17–25.8 nm 22 nm; spherical 12 nm; different shapes 31.61 nm; spherical 7.1–26.68 nm; spherical 6–45 nm; spherical 15–30 nm; spherical 45.12 nm; spherical 21 ± 8 and 72 ± 11 nm; spherical 9.13 ± 4.86 nm; spherical 15 nm; spherical 24–150 nm; spherical, triangular 2.6 and 18 nm; spherical 10 ± 4 nm; spherical, cubic 8 ± 2.7 nm; spherical 20 nm; spherical 9 – 32 nm; spherical 10 – 30 nm; spherical 50 nm; spherical 11 ± 5 nm; spherical 10 nm; spherical 19.2 ± 3.8 Ång; spherical Concentration, IC50, exposure time 25, 50, 100, 250 μg/mL; 24 h 0–100 μg/ml; 24 h 1.35 μg/mL and 13.5 μg/mL; 24 h and 48 h 10, 20, 50 μg/mL; 10 h and 24 h 1–10 μg/mL; 48 h 25 μg/ml IC50: 20 μg/ml; 24 h and 48 h IC50: 20 μg/mL; 24 h IC50: 104.1 μg/mL; 24 h IC50: 13.07 ± 1.1 μg/mL; 48h 10 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL; 24h IC50: 20 μg/mL (MCF-7), 30 μg/mL (MDA-MB-231) IC50: 62.82 μg/mL (24 h) and 42.44 μg/mL (48 h) 1–20 μg/mL; 48 h IC50: 38.55 μg/mL; 24 h IC50: 0.069 μg/mL; 24 h IC50: 100 μg/ml; 24 h IC50: 1.67 μg/mL (2.6 nm), and 26.81 μg/mL (18 nm); 1 h, 24 h IC50: 37.87 μg/mL; 24 h IC50: < 5 μg/mL (Huh7 cells), 10 μg/mL (OS cells) IC50: 9.909 μg/mL; 24 h IC50: < 10 μg/mL; 24 h IC50: 4.35 μg/mL (DU145); 7.72 μg/mL (PC-3); 4.2 μg/mL (SKOV3); 24.7 μg/mL (A549) IC50: 500 nmol/L; 6 h IC50: 5 μg/ml (SKBR3); 8 μg/ml (8701-BC); 20 μg/ml (HT-29); 26 μg/ml (HCT116); 34 μg/ml (Caco-2) IC50: 6.15 mg/kg IC50: 10.36–25.85 μg/ml; 0 – 400 min, 24h Manners Dose-dependent Concentration- dependent Dose-, concentration- and time-dependent Dose- and time-dependent – – Dose- and time-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose- and time-dependent Concentration- and dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose- and time- dependent Dose-dependent Size- and concentration-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose-dependent Dose- and time- dependent Dose- and time- dependent Dose-dependent Dose- and time- dependent Mode of action ROS generation; ultrastructural changes; mitochondrial dysfunction Sub G1 cell cycle arrest; ROS generation; down-regulation of MMP Decreased the number of cells at S and G2/M phase; increased the number of cells at sub-G1 phase Regulation of PtdIns3K signaling pathway ROS generation; nucleus damage Activation of apoptotic gene; inhibition of cell migration and invasion ROS generation; DNA damage; disruption of the cell membrane Regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression ROS generation; disruption of mitochondrial respiratory chain Inhibition of proliferation; mitochondria dysfunction Inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion Regulation of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 expressions S phase cycle arrest; decrease of cell population in sub G1 phase Inhibition of telomerase activity and telomere dysfunction Induction of apoptosis pathway Induction of nuclear condensation and fragmentation Up-regulated modulators of apoptosis, Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9; mitotic arrest; DNA fragmentation Ultrastructural change; regulation of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, RIP-1, RIP-3, MLKL and LC3-II expression, Chromosome instability; mitotic arrest; regulation of gene expression ROS generation; activation of JNK signaling Mitotic arrest; regulation of Bax and P21 and Bcl-2 expression Decrease of stat-3 and bcl-2 expression; increase of caspase-3 expression ROS generation; regulation of LPO and GSH level; regelation of caspase, p53 and Bax and Bcl-2 Activation of caspase 3; DNA fragmentation Decrease of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities; ROS generation ROS generation; alteration of the IL-1b function Ultrastructure change; ROS generation; mitochondrial dysfunction; cell cycle arrest *NOTE: ROS, reactive oxygen species; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; LPO, lipid peroxidation; GSH, glutathione; JNK, c-jun N-terminal kinase; MCF-7, human breast cancer cell line; EAC, ehrlich ascites carcinoma; A549, human lung carcinoma cells; BxPC-3, human pancreas adenocarcinoma cells; PC3, prostate adenocarcinoma cells; HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cells; CNE1, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells; AsPC-1, pancreas adenocarcinoma cells; U-87 MG, glioblastoma cells; SW480, colorectal adenocarcinoma cells; EC109, esophageal cancer cells; MDA-MB-231, breast adenocarcinoma cells; HT29, human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line; HCT-116, human colon cancer cell line; PANC-1, human pancreatic ductal cell line; SCC25, human tongue squamous carcinoma; DU145 and PC-3, human prostate carcinoma cell lines; SKOV3, human ovarian carcinoma; CNE, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line; HEp-2, laryngeal carcinoma cell line; DLA, Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cell lines; SKBR3, human breast cancer cell line; Caco-2, heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells; HCC, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells; HOS, human osteosarcoma cells; MDA-MB-231, triple-negative breast cancer cell line. http://www.thno.orgPDF Image | Silver nanoparticles Synthesis medical applications safety
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