Silver nanoparticles Synthesis medical applications safety

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Theranostics 2020, Vol. 10, Issue 20 Table 6. Potential toxicity of AgNPs in vivo and in vitro 9018 References [350] [332] [346] [330] [351] [343] [44] [352] [351] [21] [353] [354] [355] [348] [356] [357] [37] [38] [356] [358] [341] Objects Animal In vitro/ model vivo Pig In vitro and vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vivo Mice In vitro and in vivo Mice in vivo Mice in vivo Rat In vivo Rat In vivo Rat In vivo Rat In vivo Rat In vivo Rat In vivo Rats In vivo Rat In vivo Rat In vivo Cell lines/Tissues HEKs and porcine skin Liver Spleen, liver, lung and kidney Lung Liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, lungs, testes, stomach, intestine and seminal vesicles Liver, kidneys and lung Lung Brain, lung, liver, kidney and testis heart, lung, kidney, liver and blood A549, BxPC-3; PC-3; Hep G2, CNE; AsPC-1; U-87 MG; SW480; EC109; MDA-MB-231; VSMC; HMEC; LO2; 293FT; tumor, brain, heart, kidney, lung, spleen, and liver Lung Kidney, liver and spleen Brain Sperm and testicular tissue Kidneys, liver and blood Lung, spleen, liver, kidney, thymus and heart Epididymal sperm Brain Kidney, liver and blood Spleen, liver, and lymph nodes and blood Liver and kidney Exposure Size; Shape 20, 50 and 80 nm Less than 30 nm 12–20 nm 10–20 nm; spherical 3±1.57 nm; spherical 10, 75 and 110 nm; spherical 20 and 110 nm 22, 42 and 71 nm 1.4–250nm 19.2±3.8 Ång, spherical or ellipsoidal 20 and 110 nm, spherical 2.45–19.53 nm >100 nm 60–80 nm 20–65 nm 6.3–629 nm 20–30 nm 3–10 nm, spherical 20–60 nm, spherical 20 nm and 100 nm 56 nm Dosages 0.34, 1.7 μg/mL 10 ppm 7.5, 30 and 120 mg/kg 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 ppm 11.4–13.3 mg/kg 25 μg/mice 0.05, 0.15, 0.45 and 1.35 mg/kg 0.25 mg/kg, 0.50 mg/kg, 1.00 mg/kg 11.4–13.3mg/kg body weight 0–32ng/μl, 1.875 mg/kg 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg 0.37, 0.65, 13 and 21 mg/kg 5 and 50 mg/kg 30, 125 and 300 mg/kg 2,000 mg/kg 0.5 mg/kg 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg 1 and 10 mg/kg 2,000 mg/kg bw, twice injections 6 mg/kg 30, 125 and 500 mg/kg Toxicity Route Incubation; skin contact Skin contact Intravenous administration Intratracheally administration Intravenous injection Intravenous administration Intratracheal instillation Oral administration Intravenous administration Intravenous administration Inhalation Oral administration Oral administration Intraperitoneal injection Intraperitoneal administration Intravenous administration Oral administration Intragastric administration Intraperitoneal injection Intravenous administration Oral administration Time Acute: 18 and 24 h; chronic: 14 d 2, 7 and 14 d 7 and 14 d 1, 3, 7 and 15 d 1, 28 d 1, 3 and 7 d 1, 7 and 21 d 14 and 28 d 28 d Acute: 24 h; chronic: 28 d Acute: 40 h; chronic: 21 d 27 d 79 d 28 d 3d 24 h 90 d 14 d 5d 28 d 90 d Effect Focal inflammation Central venous dilation; hyperemia, cell swelling, Kupffer and inflammatory cells increase Induction of inflammatory reactions in lung and liver cells Acute lung inflammation and bronchitis; hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells Inflammatory response; alteration of hematological factors; change of gene expression; ROS generation Peripheral inflammation in liver, kidneys and lungs Alter SP-D level; deficit immune defense function Induce organ toxicity and inflammatory responses Induce gene expression; ROS generation; apoptosis None Pulmonary fibrosis Tissue destruction; cell necrosis and apoptosis Cell death, disturbed neurotransmitter and cytokine production, ROS generation Decrease normal sperm morphology, sperm vitality and sperm count Liver and kidney damage Liver and kidney damage; chromosome breakage; genotoxicity Sperm anomalies; decrease sperm viability Neuron shrinkage; cytoplasmic or foot swelling of astrocytes Liver and kidney damage; blood parameters disrupt Suppression of the natural killer cell activity; stimulate LPS mitogen; increase cytokine production Liver damage; bile-duct hyperplasia Toxicity manners Dose- dependent Time- dependent Gender-, concentration- and time- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Time-, concentration- and size- dependent Size- and stabilization- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- and time- dependent Size- and coating- dependent dose-dependent -- Dose- dependent Time- and dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- and time- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- and gender- dependent http://www.thno.org

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