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Theranostics 2020, Vol. 10, Issue 20 9019 Objects Animal model Rat Female ICR mice; male guinea pigs Male ICR mice BN and SD rats Mice and guinea pigs Freshwater fish Japanese medaka Zebrafish Zebrafifish Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans — — — — — — — — — — In vitro/ vivo In vivo In vivo In vivo In vivo in vivo In vivo in vivo In vivo In vitro and in vivo in vivo In vivo In vivo In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro In vitro Cell lines/Tissues Kidney Oral, skin and eye Blood, liver, spleen, kidney, lungs and brain Lung Lung, lymph node, heart, liver and kidney Embryo Embryo Embryo Brain, heart, yolk and blood of embryo Parents, egg and offspring Germline stem cell; testis The worms’ body The worms’ body rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes Mouse ESCs Mouse microglia N9 cell line, N27 neuronal cells Mouse lymphoma cell line, human lymphoblastoid cells Rat primary cerebral astrocytes Primary astrocyte cell, rat glioma C6 cell line Murine brain ALT astrocytes, murine microglial BV-2 cells and mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cells UMR-106 U937 cell HepG2 cell line Exposure Size; Shape 52.7–70.9 nm 10–20 nm, spherical 10, 40 and 100 nm, spherical 20, 110 nm, spherical 10–20 nm, spherical 25.9–36.7 nm, spherical 20–37 nm, spherical 20 and 110 nm, spherical 5–20 nm 2–20 nm 20 nm 96.4±35.6 nm, spherical < 100 nm, spherical 7±2 nm 20.2 ±4.1 nm, spherical 49.7±10.5 nm, spherical 20, 50 and 100 nm, spherical 24.18±4.14 nm, spherical 6.9–8.7 nm, spherical 3–5 nm 6 nm, cubic 4,20 and 70 nm, round 20 nm Dosages 10 ml/kg 5,000 mg/kg (oral); 50 and 5,000 ppm (eye); 50 and 100,000 ppm (skin) 10 mg/kg 0.1 mg/kg or 90 breaths/minute 5,000 mg/kg, 5000 ppm Acute: 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 mg/L; subchronic: 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg/L 0.08, 0.4, 2, 1,0 and 50 mg/L 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 mg/L 2, 3.5 and 5 mg/L 0–1mg/L 0.025, 0.05 and 0.075 μg/mL 1 and 10 μg/mL 5.0 μg/ml 50 μg/mL 0–400 μg/mL 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/mL 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 12.5μg/mL 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 and 225 μM 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL 2.5 to 50 μg/cm3 Toxicity Route Oral administration Oral administration; eye drops; skin contact Intravenous injection Intratracheal administration Oral administration, eye and skin contact Incubation Oral administration Hatch Hatch Oral administration Oral administration Culture Culture Incubation — Incubation Incubation Incubation Incubation Incubation Incubation Incubation Incubation Time 90 d 1, 2 and 3 day 24 h 1, 7 and 21 d 14 d 14 d 48 h 5d 24, 48 and 72 h 5,10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 95 min 24h, 5 d 6 and 24 h Effect Deposite in kidneys Conjunctivae irritation Bleeding or necrosis of multiple internal organs Lung eosinophilia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness; distruction of blood/alveolar epithelial permeability barrier No mortality and toxic signs Liver damage; deplete glutathione; deactivate lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes death Multiple developmental abnormalities Multiple developmental abnormalities Abdominal pigmentation Delay the development of the F1 offsprings; ROS generation; premature GSC differentiation DNA damage, ROS generation, inhibition of growth ROS generation; DNA damage Trx system, Nr4a1 and Dusp1 regulaion , inflammation and apoptosis Heat shock protein and the metallothionein families regulation, induce oxidative stress and apoptosis Nitric oxide and TNFα production DNA mutants Neuroinflammation and apoptosis; increase caspase activities Necrosis and apoptosis Cytokine secretion, Aβ amyloid deposition, inflflammatory response Decrease lysosomal and mitochondrial activity Oxidative stress; cytokines release Endogenous antioxidant defence regulation Toxicity manners Dose- dependent — Size- and tissue- dependent Dose- and size- dependent; rat strains related References [340] [326] [331] [46] [326] [39] [327] [359] [43] [360] [42] [361] [152] [338] [362] [363] [47] [337] [364] [339] [365] [50] [366] 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 4, 8, 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 24h 24 h 24 h and Time- and dose- dependent dose- dependent Size- and surface coating- dependent Concentration- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- and time-dependent Size-dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Size-, concentration- and coating- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Dose- dependent Size-dependent Dose- dependent http://www.thno.orgPDF Image | Silver nanoparticles Synthesis medical applications safety
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