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articles Jain et al. Figure 8. (Left) Transmission electron micrographs of unexposed (control) Hep G2, arrows showing the cellular structures, viz., mitochondria, Golgi complex, vacuole and cytoplasm (scale marker indicates ×10 μm). (Right) Transmission electron micrographs of Hep G2 cells after the cultures were exposed to ∼(1/2)IC50 SNP (125 μg/mL) for 24 h, arrows showing the presence of SNP in mitochondria (scale marker indicates ×5 μm). Figure 9. Levels of catalase, super oxide dismutase, reduced glutathione content, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase in untreated (control: not treated with SNP) and treated (with ∼(1/2)IC50 SNP, 125 μg/mL for 24 h) Hep G2 cells. The data are expressed as mean ( standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. Asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference compared to control (p < 0.05). inhibition. Zones of inhibition for SNP and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) against P. aeruginosa were of the same size (13 mm). No zone of inhibition was obtained with control gel without silver nanoparticles. Figure 10. Caspase-3 activity assay for Hep G2 cells. SNP induce caspase-3 production (apoptosis) at concen- trations in the range of 6.25-250 μg/mL. An OD value of positive control was taken as 100%. Asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference compared to control (p < 0.05). Since the antibacterial action of SNP in the S-gel formula- tion was unequivocally demonstrated, further in vivo experi- ments on the determination of LD50 for S-gel were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. The acute dermal LD50 value of S-gel in Sprague-Dawley rats, both male and female, was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. No mortality or signs of intoxication or any adverse skin reactions were observed in the treated male and female rats during the observation period of 14 days following applica- tion. Gain in body weight of treated animals was normal in the first and second weeks after treatment. At termination of the study, animals were sacrificed and necropsy was performed on all animals. Also, no pathological abnormalities were seen in any of the organs of sacrificed animals. Discussion A large number of studies carried out recently demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous suspensions of silver 1396 MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS VOL. 6, NO. 5PDF Image | Silver Nanoparticles in Therapeutics: Antimicrobial Gel
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