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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2255 4 of 11 Figure 1. Characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). (a–d) Physicochemical properties of Citrate AgNPs, polyethylene glycol (PEG) AgNPs, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) AgNPs, and branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) AgNPs in stock suspensions. (A–D) TEM images of surface-modified AgNPs at 0 time. (A) Citrate AgNPs, (B) PEG AgNPs, (C) PVP AgNPs, and (D) BPEI AgNPs. The polydispersity index (PI) of DLS in each medium was less than 0.05. The stock suspensions were stable in Milli-Q water media, as evidenced by the hydrodynamic size of all AgNPs. Figure 1a–d presents concentrations of each capping ligand and content of endotoxin in stock suspensions. 3.2. Media Impact on Citrate AgNPs’ Physicochemical Properties To identify the media impact on citrate AgNPs, we studied physicochemical properties of Citrate AgNPs in different media (Figure 2b–f). Our results show that media had a significant impact on the aggregation and zeta potential of citrate AgNPs. TEM images show that Citrate AgNPs are aggregated significantly in PBS and α-MEM (Figure 2D,F). The color of Citrate AgNPs changed from yellow to gray in PBS (Figure 2d). The zeta potential increased in serum and α-MEM but decreased in deionized water and saline (Table 1). The media impact on Citrate AgNPs was as follows: deionized water < saline < serum < α-MEM < PBS. Table 1. Characterization of initial AgNPs and AgNPs stored for 1 year in a fridge (mean (SD), n = 3). The PI of DLS in each medium was less than 0.05. Hydrodynamic Zeta Potential Mass Conc. Released Ag+ Size (nm) (mV) (mg/mL) (μg/L) Name TEM Size (nm) Time(Year) T0 T1 T0 T1 T0 T1 T0 T1 T0 T1 Citrate 28.7 76.2 AgNPs (3.6) (34.0) 35.8 54.6 36.2 63.0 34.4 55.8 40.5 70.4 −22.9 −16.2 −22.1 46.5 −48.5 −2.71 −31.5 37 1.14 1.09 0.43 (0.06) (0.02) (0.10) 1.08 1.01 0.45 (0.01) (0.03) (0.03) 1.07 0.91 0.58 (0.03) (0.03) (0.10) 0.49 0.39 0.80 (0.03) (0.02) (0.07) 3.12 (0.14) 67.36 (4.26) 130.60 (5.40) 371.10 (14.82) PEG AgNPs PVP AgNPs BPEI AgNPs 32.9 60.5 (3.2) (30.5) 28.7 31.3 (2.1) (34.9) 30.0 26.6 (3.0) (4.3)PDF Image | Silver Nanoparticles Undergoing Long-Term Aging
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