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IbD PU Deliverable 3.1 For the reactions in the STT, the operational parameters that could be adjusted for different applications are the annular gap and rotating speed. The working function of STT is different from Taylor-Couette reactor (TCR) (which is described in more detail in section 4.4.4), even though the construction and operating procedure of the two reactors may resemble each other. Detailed comparison between STT and the Taylor-Couette reactor will be described in section 4.4.4. The STT has applications in chemical synthesis. Gonzalez and Ciszewski (2009) used a temperature controlled STT, made by Kreido Biofuels, for the accelerated solvent-free synthesis of ionic liquids which are the subject of intense research. In their research, the STT has been proved to be capable of realizing large throughput rates (3-16 kg/day) of imidazole- based ionic liquids in a continuous flow with minimal water purification. Process intensification is well presented in the STT reactor since the STT reactor is adaptable, efficient, and maximizing the output under solvent free operating conditions. Hampton et al. (2008) demonstrated the beneficial application of the STT reactor in a continuous organic synthesis process involving aldehyde production, where a reaction rate higher than the conventional reactor (stainless steel tube reactor with a liquid/vapor separation unit) could be achieved. 4.4.4 Taylor-Couette reactor Taylor-Couette flow, which is the flow between two concentric cylinders, is a canonical flow which has long been a subject of interest in fluid mechanics. The fluid between the gap of the two differentially rotating cylinders exhibits a series of instabilities, in both the laminar and turbulent regimes, as the rotational velocity of the cylinder is increased. The instabilities of the Taylor-Couette flow provide advantages in mixing fluid, which are useful in chemical processes. Although the Taylor-Couette and spinning tube-in-tube (STT) reactors share similar construction geometries, there are significant differences in their design and operation. The gap between rotor and stator of the STT is much smaller than in the TCR. Typical gap width of the STT is around 0.3mm (based on the design of Kreido Biofuels) while the typical gap width in a TCR varies from 3 or 4mm to around 20mm as maximum, which makes the operational annular gap of the STT smaller than 10% of that of the TCR. Efficient micro-mixing in the STT requires high rotating speed which avoids Taylor vortex formation in the working fluid. However, the Taylor vortex is essential in the TCR for mixing. 24PDF Image | Solids handling for intensified process technology
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