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IbD PU Deliverable 3.1 Figure 42. Basic configuration and principles of impinging streams (IS) (Wu, 2007b). In S-I-G devices, the heat and mass transfer are greatly enhanced due to: 1) very high relative velocity between phases, 2) oscillating movement of particles or droplets penetrating to and fro the opposing streams, 3) high turbulence in the impingement zone. Specific for the L-I-G, surface renewing promoted by the impingement also leads to additional enhancement of transfer. The investigations carried out by Wu et al. (2007) in their impinging stream drying and desulphurization of flue gas in the impinging stream gas-liquid reactor have revealed the former to result in volumetric heat transfer coefficients 10 times higher than spray dryers and the latter to perform on par or better than rotating packed beds (RPBs). 5.3.1 Grinding in IS reactors Another application of the IS is crushing and grinding of solid materials due to the nature of the strong particulate collisions. The nature of L-I-G specifically results in an efficient micro mixing. The potential disadvantage of the IS devices is the short residence time in the active (impingement) zone, implying that only processes with rapid reactions are applicable. The complexity of the flow configuration also means that the IS cannot be used in multistage arrangement (Wu et al., 2010). 5.3.2 Drying and milling in IS reactors Tamir (1994) has extensively reviewed the use of IS as reactors, dryers, and milling devices. Some of the reported applications include compact IS calciners, solid pigment production, and milling-roasting-reduction of iron oxide depleted ores. Netzsch in Germany markets the “CGS” fluidized bed jet mill, capable of fine grinding all kinds of dry products with no contamination (NETZSCH, 2015). A schematic of the “micronization” in a fluidized bed jet mill is presented in Figure 43 below. 43PDF Image | Solids handling for intensified process technology
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