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IbD PU Deliverable 3.1 Figure 50. Plan-view of a CAL-MSU unit showing inert gas introduction through CALMIX (Lade et al., 2015). 6 Miniaturized reactor technologies (MRT) 6.1 Continuous flow microreactor The term microreactor refers to a reactor with small channels with sizes (depth/width) of the order of micro-meters. Microreactors usually contain micromachined channels (10-100 μm in diameter) and house chemical reactions to the scale of 5-100 ml. Microreactors offer several advantages over batch processes in the process intensification of chemical production, such as operating at higher reactant concentration. They can efficiently control the reactions for generating nanoparticles because the smaller reaction volume is often sufficient to lower the polydispersity of the particles (deMello and deMello, 2004). Heat and mass transfer are enhanced in microreactors due to their large surface area to volume ratio which are typically as high as 50000 m2/m3 for channel diameters of a few microns, which is also an advantage of microreactor for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Continuous flow technology also has advantages in chemical processes compared to conventional batch process, such as capability of higher reactant concentration. These make the combination of continuous flow and microreactor technology a novel and efficient technology for process intensification, especially in particle processing. However, fouling and clogging are the major issues in the microreactor which should be taken into consideration in industrial applications and dealt with by performing studies on optimization of operating conditions. Narrow channel reactors with diameter under a millimeter could also be considered in the section. McCarthy et al. (2007) used a narrow channel reactor with hydraulic diameter of 0.5 mm and length of 20 cm for a homogeneous liquid phase reaction between barium chloride and sodium sulphate to produce barium sulphate precipitate. The smallest average particle 49PDF Image | Solids handling for intensified process technology
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