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IbD PU Deliverable 3.1 such as catalyst loading, flowrates, and wall thermal conductivity of catalytic ethane dehydrogenation in a CPR as heat source catalytic methane combustion. 6.3 Compact heat exchanger reactors (HEX reactors) Compact heat exchangers offer large heat transfer surface areas per unit volume. This characteristic would accommodate highly exothermic reactions when used as reactors. HEX reactors are considered to be advantageous for fast reactions with substantial exo- or endotherms, and/or with substantial by-products. Industrial examples include nitrations, polymerizations, hydrogenations, halogenations, and aminations. HEX reactor designs are typically derived from the existing compact heat exchangers (Reay et al., 2013). Some of the prominent HEX reactors are described here. 6.3.1 Plate HEX reactor Plate heat exchangers have been known to be superior (in terms of heat transfer coefficient) compared to shell and tube heat exchangers due to the reduction of surface area for a given duty, hence the small equipment footprint and maintenance costs. In addition, the turbulent flow due to the plate reduces fouling to 10-25%, and the residence time is narrow (Anxionnaz et al., 2008). Alfa Laval is a well-known manufacturer of plate HEX reactors. An example is the “open plate reactor (OPR)”, designed to handle highly exo- or endothermic and fast reactions by using highly concentrated reactants. A typical configuration of the plate reactors include the reactor plates, where the reactants mix and react (Figure 53) and the utility plates, where the coolant flows. Typically, they are arranged on top of each other. Their latest iteration, the ART plate reactors, have been demonstrated to allow for efficient continuous production of chemicals and pharmaceutical APIs. The design was optimized to enable fast and easy cleaning inspection and validation as well as to enhance mixing effects (AlfaLaval, 2015). 52PDF Image | Solids handling for intensified process technology
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