Spinning Disk Reactor Nano Production Intensification

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Spinning Disk Reactor Nano Production Intensification ( spinning-disk-reactor-nano-production-intensification )

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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1321 12 of 15 Overall, the production of the chemical precipitation of nano ZnO by means of a spinning disk reactor, does not appear to require particular precautions to work continuously for a long period of time. Scaling in the reactor was absent after the experimental campaign, and all of the particles were suspended in the liquid, which did not evaporate at the adopted temperature values. 5. Conclusions In conclusion, the SDR demonstrated itself to be a suitable equipment for the intensification of nano-ZnO particles production, as it was able to obtain good performances in terms of average size (approximately 50 nm), high yield (>97%), and unimodal particle size distribution. The same could be achieved by adopting a larger inlet flowrate and initial Zn(II) precursor concentration, in order to increase the production rate. Indeed, the last four runs of the reported experimental set showed that it was possible to keep the modal particle size below 60 nm using a Zn(II) molar concentration <1 M. In these conditions, productivity values were higher than 50 kg/d, making the overall production process useful for industrial application. Higher inlet flowrates were not suggested, as these operating conditions led to a sensible increase in the average dimension of particles and the size distribution, changing from a unimodal to a bimodal one. However, further studies should be performed to investigate the possibility of achieving larger production rates (up to 1000 kg/d), without exiting the range of the desired product’s characteristics. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.S. and J.M.O.-P.; methodology, M.S. and J.M.O.-P.; validation, M.S. and J.M.O.-P.; analysis, M.S.; investigation, M.S.; data curation, M.S. and J.M.O.-P.; writing—original draft preparation, J.M.O.-P.; writing—review and editing, M.S.; supervision, M.S.; M.S. and J.M.O.-P. agreed to investigate about the here reported research topic. Experiments were supervised by M.S. and samples were prepared and analyzed in Italy (M.S.). The obtained data and results were analyzed by M.S. and J.M.O.-P. The latter author prepared the draft, finalized by M.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Holec, D.; Dumitraschkewitz, P.; Vollath, D.; Fischer, F.D. Surface Energy of Au Nanoparticles Depending on Their Size and Shape. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 484. [CrossRef] 2. Zhang, X.; Fu, E.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, C. Fabbrication of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Nanoparticle Inks for Growth of CZTS Films for Solar Cells. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 336. [CrossRef] 3. Chen, X.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Guan, X.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, D. Low-Power Flexible Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Solution-Processable Polymer-Ceramic Nanoparticle Composite Dielectrics. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 518. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Chinh, V.D.; Hung, L.X.; Di Palma, L.; Hanh, V.T.H.; Vilardi, G. Effect of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotubes/Gold Nanoparticles Composite on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 and TiO2-SiO2. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2018, 42, 308–315. [CrossRef] 5. Palomo, J.; Filice, M. Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Novel Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts. Nanomaterials 2016, 6, 84. [CrossRef] 6. Bassano, C.; Deiana, P.; Vilardi, G.; Verdone, N. Modeling and economic evaluation of carbon capture and storage technologies integrated into synthetic natural gas and power-to-gas plants. Appl. Energy 2020, 263, 114590. [CrossRef] 7. Sato, Y.; Ishihara, M.; Nakamura, S.; Fukuda, K.; Takayama, T.; Hiruma, S.; Murakami, K.; Fujita, M.; Yokoe, H. Preparation and Application of Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) Nanoparticle-Dispersions with Bactericidal Activity. Molecules 2019, 24, 3415. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 8. Jin, S.; Du, Z.; Wang, P.; Guo, H.; Zhang, H.; Lei, X.; Ren, F. 2-Deoxyglucose-Modified Folate Derivative: Self-Assembling Nanoparticle Able to Load Cisplatin. Molecules 2019, 24, 1084. [CrossRef] 9. Vilardi, G. P-aminophenol catalysed production on supported nano-magnetite particles in fixed-bed reactor: Kinetic modelling and scale-up. Chemosphere 2020, 250, 126237. [CrossRef]

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