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UV Initiated Copolymerisation in Solution (4) In the first example (Reaction 3), an aqueous emulsion of n-butyl acrylate with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as emulsifier and diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl)-phosphine oxide (Lucirin TPO) as initiator was studied. The emulsion was fed to the centre of the disc (20 cm), rotating at 400 rpm, at a rate of 3 mL s-1. At room temperature a conversion of 81% was achieved and the molar mass of 2,7x105 g mol-1 was similar to those obtained from batch reactions.[25] For this polymerisation the size of the disc, the speed of rotation, the feed rate and the power of the UV-lamp are the key parameters. These parameters control the film thickness and thus the penetration of the UV-light into the bulk of the reaction medium. They also determine the residence time and thus the time that the reaction medium is exposed to the UV light. In the second example (Reaction 4) an aqueous solution of acrylic acid and vinyloxy polyethylene glycol together with a photo-initiator (Irgacure 500 : 1 hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone/benzophenone (1:1)) was fed onto the centre of the disc. The conversion and the generation of graft copolymer were followed by GPC. After one pass only some 31% graft copolymer was obtained but the yield could be increased to 70% after a second pass over the disc. An alternative experimental procedure is to repeatedly allow the solution to pass over the disc and to add the acrylic acid with additional initiator in portions prior to each repeat pass. With this approach the amount of VOPEG in the copolymer could be increased. These examples demonstrate the suitability of SDR for photochemical reactions both in emulsion and solution and thus a SDR can be considered as a viable alternative to other types of photo- reactor. [13] 10PDF Image | Spinning Disk Reactor for Polymers and Nanoparticles
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