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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 830 6 of 11 the total nominal hole depth (~25%) (Figure 4c). Attempts to increase the pore fraction by extending tNhaenopmoarter-iawlsi2d0e2n0,i1n0g, xtrFeOaRtmPEeEnRt RtiEmVIeEtWo 9 min, leads to further disorder (Figure 4d). 6 of 11 Figure 3. Optical images of an alumina supported membrane (h ≈ 100 nm) (a) with graphene/PMMA, (b) with graphene once PMMA is eliminated showing the wrinkles and bi/tri-layer graphene spots and (c) graphene edge (indicated by a blue arrow). (d) Raman spectra of graphene at different positions. Black curve corresponds to a graphene bilayer (darker spot in the images). The scale bar corresponds to 10 μm in all cases. Membranes with h = 60 nm were fabricated to optimize the E.F., however, for such small pore depth the quality of the membranes is compromised in terms of the order of the pores as well as in the height uniformity. The AFM topographic images show an increased disorder of the pores for the Figure 3. Optical images of an alumina supported membrane (h ≈ 100 nm) (a) with graphene/PMMA, h = 6F0ignumrem3.eOmpbtircanl eimcaogmespoafraendatloumthineahsu=p1p0o0rtnedmmoenmeb(rFanigeu(hre≈41a0,0b)n,ma)ls(oa), wthiethhgeriagphtendei/sPtrMibMuAti,on of (b) with graphene once PMMA is eliminated showing the wrinkles and bi/tri-layer graphene spots (b) with graphene once PMMA is eliminated showing the wrinkles and bi/tri-layer graphene spots and the AFM image in the case of the 60 nm sample is increased significantly, especially in comparison (acn)dgr(acp)hgernaephedenge (einddgeica(itnedibcayteadblbuye arrbolwue).a(rdr)oRwa)m. (adn) sRpaemctaranosfpgercatpraheonfegartadphiffeenrenattpdoisfifteiroenst. with the total nominal hole depth (~25%) (Figure 4c). Attempts to increase the pore fraction by Bploasciktiocunsrv.eBlcaocrkrecsuprovnedcsotroreaspgroanpdhsetnoeabiglaryaperh(ednaerkbeilrayspeort(dinarthkerimspaogteisn).tThheeimscaglesb)a.rTchoerrsecsapleonbdasr extending the pore-widening treatment time to 9 min, leads to further disorder (Figure 4d). tcor1r0esμpmonindsaltloc1a0seμsm. in all cases. Membranes with h = 60 nm were fabricated to optimize the E.F., however, for such small pore depth the quality of the membranes is compromised in terms of the order of the pores as well as in the height uniformity. The AFM topographic images show an increased disorder of the pores for the h = 60 nm membrane compared to the h = 100 nm one (Figure 4a,b), also, the height distribution of the AFM image in the case of the 60 nm sample is increased significantly, especially in comparison with the total nominal hole depth (~25%) (Figure 4c). Attempts to increase the pore fraction by extending the pore-widening treatment time to 9 min, leads to further disorder (Figure 4d). Figure4. AFMimagesof(a)h=100nm(b)h=60nmt=4.5minand(d)h=60nmt=9min Figure4.AFMimagesof(a)h=100nm(b)h=60nmt=4.5minand(d)h=60nmt=9minmembranes. membranes. (c) Height distributions of the membranes in (a,b). (c) Height distributions of the membranes in (a) and (b). The efficiency of the interference process of the platforms is evaluated by measuring graphene The efficiency of the interference process of the platforms is evaluated by measuring graphene Raman spectra compared to those of graphene transferred onto fused silica. The enhancement factor Raman spectra compared to those of graphene transferred onto fused silica. The enhancement factor is defined as E.F. = I2D (membrane)/I2D (fused silica). The obtained amplification for the h = 60 nm is defined as E.F. = I2D (membrane)/I2D (fused silica). The obtained amplification for the h = 60 nm t = t = 4.5 min is E.F. ≈ 265 and for h = 100 nm membrane, higher values are obtained with average value E.F. ≈ 370. One important point is to evaluate the uniformity of the amplification over the sample at different scales. Therefore, besides recording a set of spectra at distant points, we obtained, for the h = 100 nm Figure4.AFMimagesof(a)h=100nm(b)h=60nmt=4.5minand(d)h=60nmt=9minmembranes. sample (optical image in Figure 5a), 121 spectra from 10 μm × 10 μm squares, 1 μm steps, that we (c) Height distributions of the membranes in (a) and (b). The efficiency of the interference process of the platforms is evaluated by measuring graphene Raman spectra compared to those of graphene transferred onto fused silica. The enhancement factor is defined as E.F. = I2D (membrane)/I2D (fused silica). The obtained amplification for the h = 60 nm t =PDF Image | Supported Ultra-Thin Alumina Membranes with Graphene
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