PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 004
Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 638 4 of 17 serial dilutions of the above mentioned AgCl-NP solution (at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 μg/mL) were made, using the RPMI-1640 medium (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with 3-morpholinopropane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). In total, 100 μL of 0.5 McFarland standard suspensions of the aforementioned microorganisms were then added to wells of microtiter plates and incubated at 37◦C for 24 or 48 h for bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. Media with inoculums but without AgCl-NPs were intended as negative controls, while amoxicillin and fluconazole were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi, respectively. MIC values reflected the lowest concentrations of biogenic AgCl-NPs that led to no visible growth of the microorganisms. 2.4.4. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were assessed according to CLSI [27]. In short, 100 μL aliquots of media from wells containing bacteria and fungi, in which growth was not visible, were sub-cultured on Mueller–Hinton agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. These plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 ◦C. The lowest concentrations of AgCl-NPs that showed no bacterial and fungal growth were considered as MBC and MFC values, respectively. 2.5. Antioxidant Properties of the Biosynthesized AgCl-NPs DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) from Merck (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to measure free radical scavenging potential of biosynthesized AgCl-NPs, as described by Brand-Williams et al. [28] with slight modifications. Methanolic solutions of AgCl-NPs at various concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 μg/mL) were prepared. Methanolic solutions of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at the same concentrations were also prepared and used as standards. One milliliter aliquots of the abovementioned solutions were added to 2 mL of a methanolic solution of DPPH (1 mmol/L), and thoroughly vortexed. Resulting mixtures were incubated in dark for 30 min at room temperature. After that, the absorbance value of each mixture was measured at 517 nm. The DPPH absorbance value was considered as a control. Free radical scavenging activity of AgCl-NPs or BHT solutions was expressed as the inhibition percentage that was calculated by the following equation: DPPH radical scavenging activity (%) = 100 × (Ac−As)/Ac, where Ac is absorbance of the control (containing solvent and DPPH), As—absorbance measured for solutions of AgCl-NPs or BHT. 2.6. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS version 11.5 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). The one-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and the Duncan’s multiple range test were applied to investigate differences between various groups. All results were expressed as mean values ± standard deviations (SDs). 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Visual Confirmation of Green Synthesis of AgCl-NPs Differently concentrated (1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of P. vulgaris were used for synthesis of biogenic AgCl-NPs. It was established that only in case of the addition of the 6% (v/v) extract to a 1 mmol/L AgNO3 solution, would bioreduction and biosynthesis processes take place, and the colorless AgNO3 solution became dark brown with time (Figure 1). This is likely attributable to the completion of the synthesis process, and the formation of biogenic AgCl-NPs [11]. It was previously reported that P. vulgaris contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds [29] that could be responsible for the bioreduction of Ag(I) ions into AgCl-NPs as well as their capping inPDF Image | Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Aerial Part Extract
PDF Search Title:
Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Aerial Part ExtractOriginal File Name Searched:
nanomaterials-10-00638.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Infinity Turbine Developing Spinning Disc Reactor SDR or Spinning Disc Reactors reduce processing time for liquid production of Silver Nanoparticles.
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)