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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 6x3F8OR PEER REVIEW 12 of 17 Interestingly, a combination of biosynthesized AgCl-NPs with amoxicillin or fluconazole was Interestingly, a combination of biosynthesized AgCl-NPs with amoxicillin or fluconazole was found found to have synergetic effects on their antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. Since to have synergetic effects on their antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. Since bacterial bacterial cell membranes include hydrophobic structures, they likely prevent the passage of cell membranes include hydrophobic structures, they likely prevent the passage of antibiotics. In case antibiotics. In case of their combination with the AgCl-NP nanostructures used, due to their small of their combination with the AgCl-NP nanostructures used, due to their small particle size, they could particle size, they could enter target cells and enhance the death of pathogens [40]. A similar enter target cells and enhance the death of pathogens [40]. A similar synergistic effect of biosynthesized synergistic effect of biosynthesized AgCl-NPs in combination with antibiotics and fungicides was AgCl-NPs in combination with antibiotics and fungicides was previously reported by Patra and previously reported by Patra and Baek [13]. Baek [13]. 3.3.2. Determination of MIC, MBC, and MFC Values 3.3.2. Determination of MIC, MBC, and MFC Values Biosynthesized AgCl-NPs showed the best antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria Biosynthesized AgCl-NPs showed the best antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria strains strains with MIC values ranging from 60 to 80 μg/mL (see Figure 7A). MBC values of these AgCl- with MIC values ranging from 60 to 80 μg/mL (see Figure 7A). MBC values of these AgCl-NPs for NPs for S. aureus and E. coli were 80 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. It was assumed that AgCl-NPs S. aureus and E. coli were 80 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. It was assumed that AgCl-NPs could could effectively bind to bacteria biomolecules, and posing high cytotoxicity, limit their activities, effectively bind to bacteria biomolecules, and posing high cytotoxicity, limit their activities, and lead to and lead to their death [41]. MIC values for tested C. glabrata and C. albicans strains were 40–60 their death [41]. MIC values for tested C. glabrata and C. albicans strains were 40–60 μg/mL, respectively. μg/mL, respectively. MFC values of these AgCl-NPs were 80 and 100 μg/mL for C. glabrata and C. MFC values of these AgCl-NPs were 80 and 100 μg/mL for C. glabrata and C. albicans, respectively albicans, respectively (Figure 7B). These results were in agreement with Salati et al. [42], who (Figure 7B). These results were in agreement with Salati et al. [42], who investigated biological synthesis investigated biological synthesis of AgNPs by a mango plant extract, and their anti-Candida effects. of AgNPs by a mango plant extract, and their anti-Candida effects. They reported that biogenic AgNPs They reported that biogenic AgNPs were most effective against C. glabrata as compared to C. were most effective against C. glabrata as compared to C. albicans. albicans. (A) Figure 7. Cont.PDF Image | Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Aerial Part Extract
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