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Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 66 7 of 10 Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 11 Figure 4. Anti-diabetic activity of the aqueous extracts and AgNPs of O. chinensis. Figure 4. Anti-diabetic activity of the aqueous extracts and AgNPs of O. chinensis. 4. Di4s.cDusisciuosnsion Generally, 1mM AgNO3 (1:9 ratio) was employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Generally, 1 mM AgNO3 (1:9 ratio) was employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Pteridophytes [16–19]. The nanoparticles were stable up to six months without any contamination. Pteridophytes [16–19]. The nanoparticles were stable up to six months without any contamination. In In the present study, 1 mM of silver nitrate also produced good nanoparticles of O. chinensis. the present study, 1 mM of silver nitrate also produced good nanoparticles of O. chinensis. Similar Similar results were observed in Cyathea nilgirensis in our previous research, carried out in our lab. results were observed in Cyathea nilgirensis in our previous research, carried out in our lab. Among the Among the various ratios of O. chinensis extracts with 1 mM AgNO3 screened, the 1:10 ratio was various ratios of O. chinensis extracts with 1 mM AgNO3 screened, the 1:10 ratio was optimized for optimized for silver nanoparticle synthesis. Bhor et al. [24], Nalwade et al. [18], Sant et al. [26] and silver nanoparticle synthesis. Bhor et al. [24], Nalwade et al. [18], Sant et al. [26] and Johnson et al. [16] Johnson et al. [16] employed 1:10 silver nitrate and plant extracts ratio for the synthesis of silver emplnoayneodpa1r:t1ic0lesilvfreormnitNraeptheroalnepdispelxaanltaetax,trCahcetislarnathtieos foarintohsea,syAnditahnetsuims opfhsilillipvpeernsneananodpaCrtyiactlheesafrom Nephrnoilgepiriesnesxisa.ltIantath,Cehperielasennthtesstufadryin,o1s0am,ALdoiafnOtu.mchipnheinllsiipspaendse9a0nmdLCyoaft1hmeaMnislgilivrernsniist.raIntetahlesopyreieslednetdstudy, good nanoparticles. Commonly, the UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to confirm the 10 mL of O. chinensis and 90 mL of 1mM silver nitrate also yielded good nanoparticles. Commonly, the nanoparticle formation [27]. Feldheim and Foss [28] suggested the light wave length ranges i.e., 300 UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to confirm the nanoparticle formation [27]. Feldheim and Foss [28] to 800 nm for characterizing various nanoparticles. Huang et al. [29] further confirmed the suggested the light wave length ranges i.e., 300 to 800 nm for characterizing various nanoparticles. spectroscopic measurement for nanoparticles at 400–450 nm. Shivakumar and Vidyasagar [30] and Huang et al. [29] further confirmed the spectroscopic measurement for nanoparticles at 400–450 nm. Christopher et al. [31] observed a characteristic peak for silver nanoparticle of at 420 nm for Annona Shivakumar and Vidyasagar [30] and Christopher et al. [31] observed a characteristic peak for silver reticulata and Aegle marmelos, respectively. In the present study, a characteristic peak was also nanoparticle of at 420 nm for Annona reticulata and Aegle marmelos, respectively. In the present study, observed at 405 nm for the silver nanoparticles of O. chinensis. These UV-Vis analysis results a characteristic peak was also observed at 405 nm for the silver nanoparticles of O. chinensis. These suggest that the phytoconstituents that occurred in the aqueous extracts of O. chinensis may be UV-Vriespaonnasliybsleisforerstuhletsresduugcgtieosnt. tPhraetlimthienaprhyypthoyctonchsteimtuiceanltsantahlaytsioscocfuOrr.ecdhininentshiseaaqquueoeuosusexetxratcrtascts of O. chicnoennfisrims medaythbe rpersepsoencseibloeffotrertphenroeidsu,ctiaonn.inPsr,elcimouimnaryinps,hypthoecnhoelimcsicalnadnasltyersoisidosf. OT.hcehsienensis metabolites are responsible for the bio-reduction of AgNPs. Earlier studies indicated that the aqueous extracts confirmed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, coumarins, phenolics and steroids. reduction of silver ions and stability of AgNPs are due to the occurrence of phytoconstituents or These metabolites are responsible for the bio-reduction of AgNPs. Earlier studies indicated that the metabolites present in the source extracts [32]. To probe the chemical composition of the surface reduction of silver ions and stability of AgNPs are due to the occurrence of phytoconstituents or and the local molecular environment, reducing and capping agents of the silver nanoparticles, FT- metabolites present in the source extracts [32]. To probe the chemical composition of the surface IR spectroscopy was employed [16]. In the present study, reduction and capping of the silver and the local molecular environment, reducing and capping agents of the silver nanoparticles, FT-IR nanoparticles of Odontosoria chinensis was also confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. spectroscopy was employed [16]. In the present study, reduction and capping of the silver nanoparticles Brine shrimp bioassay was employed to determine the different pharmacological properties of of Odontosoria chinensis was also confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. the plant extracts [33]. In this study, toxic effects of Odontosoria chinensis nanoparticles towards Bshrriinmeps’shrlaimrvpaebwioearesssatyudwieads. Aemdposloe ydedpetnodednettetormxiciintye wthaes dobiffserveendt ipnhAargmNPascolfoOgi.ccahlinpernosips.erties oftheThpelaAngtNePxstroafctOs.[c3h3in].enIsnistshioswsetuddmy,orteoxtoicxiecffaecctitvsitoiefsOthdaonttohseoraiqaucehoiunsenesxitsrancatsnofpOar.tCichliensentsoisw.ards The toxic effects of O. chinensis nanoparticles can be correlated with anticancer activity of the O. shrimp’s larvae were studied. A dose dependent toxicity was observed in AgNPs of O. chinensis. The chinensis nanoparticles. The results of the present study directly coincide with Johnson et al.’s [16] AgNPs of O. chinensis showed more toxic activities than the aqueous extracts of O. Chinensis. The observation on AgNPs of C. nilgirensis. The results of the present study suggested that O. chinensis toxic effects of O. chinensis nanoparticles can be correlated with anticancer activity of the O. chinensis AgNPs treatment against Artemia salina inhibited the viability. In control experiments, it was clearly nanoparticles. The results of the present study directly coincide with Johnson et al.’s [16] observation on AgNPs of C. nilgirensis. The results of the present study suggested that O. chinensis AgNPs treatment against Artemia salina inhibited the viability. In control experiments, it was clearly indicated that all the concentrations of aqueous and AgNPs extracts did not induce any lethal effect on A. salina. We observedPDF Image | Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Odontosoria chinensis
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