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People who are vulnerable to ZnO NPs such as manufacturers, always have to be aware of the risk and handle the materials with extreme caution. 2.3.2 Toxicity of Ag NPs Ag NPs is now able to access human daily life via a variety of commercial products. The use of Ag NPs in cosmetics and textiles has considerably increased the potential for human skin exposure. According to previous studies, Ag NPs were found to be toxic to keratinocytes and fibroblasts and induced cell death and oxidative stress in human fibrosarcoma and skin carcinoma cells (Lam and others 2004; Poon and Burd 2004; Paddle-Ledinek, Nasa, and Cleland 2006; Arora and others 2008; Arora and others 2009). During its manufacturing, manufacturers are exposed to Ag NPs via inhalation of airborne particles. Currently, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) limits the level of Ag dust in the air at a dose of 100 g/m3. Inhalation exposure studies showed that the lung is an the easy target for NPs and that inhaled particles may reach the brain through the nasopharyngeal system (Oberdorster and others 2004). Soto and others (2007) reported that Ag NPs reduced the cell viability of lung epithelial cells. There is a series of inhalation studies focusing on the acute, subacute (28 days) and subchronic (90 days) toxicity of Ag NP in rats (Ji and others 2007; Sung and others. 2009, 2010). Results showed that a high-dose chronic exposure to Ag NP has the potential to cause harm under current guidelines and limits. Ag NPs have emerged as important nanomaterials for a wide range of industrial and medical applications that have potential risks to human health. To apply not only Ag NPs, 15PDF Image | ZINC OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON INTESTINAL BACTERIA
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