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CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Effect of ZnO NPs on the growth of E. coli K-12, L. acidophilus ADH, and B. animalis Bif-6 The same concentrations (3, 6, 12 mM) of NPs were used to assess the effect of ZnO NPs on E. coli, L. acidophilus, and B. animalis. Increasing antimicrobial effects against E. coli O157:H7 were found as the concentration of ZnO NPs increased, and a treatment of 12 mM showed complete inhibition of the organism. No significant differences (P ≤ .05) between the control and treatments of 3 and 6 mM ZnO NPs on all three bacteria were found (data not shown). Hence, the higher concentrations (12, 16, 20 mM) of ZnO NPs were used for further experiments. Figure 4.1 shows the growth curves of E. coli, L. acidophilus, and B. animalis with different concentrations of ZnO NPs and NP-free solution. As shown in Figure 4.1A, the E. coli growth curve of the control and all treated samples including the NP-free sample, exhibited very similar patterns. Even at the highest concentration of ZnO NPs (20 mM), no significant effects on E. coli (P ≤ .05) were observed. For L. acidophilus, for up to 12 h of incubation, the numbers of treated cells were within 1 log CFU/mL less that of the control. All three treatments of ZnO NPs showed similar growth patterns. After 12 h, the cell numbers of treated samples picked up slowly and by the end of 24 h, their numbers showed no differences as compared (P ≤ .05) to the control. This result can be explained by previous study (Martinez-Castanon 2008) that showed that not only particle size and concentration of NPs, but also time can 24PDF Image | ZINC OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON INTESTINAL BACTERIA
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