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ZINC OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON INTESTINAL BACTERIA

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ZINC OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON INTESTINAL BACTERIA ( zinc-oxide-and-silver-nanoparticles-on-intestinal-bacteria )

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cell death. According to Pan and others (2010), ZnO NPs have weak mutagenic properties that induce frameshift mutations in S. Typhimurium. The presence of the S9 fraction is necessary to cause frameshift mutations using ZnO NPs. S9 fraction is the product of an organ tissue homogenate that used to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compound (Sakura and others 2004). It is possible that the S9 fraction increased the internalization of NPs and increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce frameshift mutations in the bacteria. However, there are many reports about the antibacterial effect of NPs that contradict one another which indicate that the mechanisms of antimicrobial are very complicated and depend on many other factors. Also, there are several bacteria that naturally adapt to toxins or NPs that are present in the environment and become tolerant to the compounds (Wu and others 2010). There is a possibility that this might be the reason for our observations of no inhibitory effects of ZnO NPs on E. coli in this study. 27

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