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4.6 Viability of bacterial cells The BacLightTM Bacterial Viability Kit and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated to observe viability of bacterial cells after treated with ZnO and Ag NPs. The viability of bacterial cells of E. coli, L. acidophilus, and B. animalis incubated in respective broth medium for 10 h, with and without the presence of 20 mM of ZnO were analyzed. For treatment with Ag NPs, as shown in Tables 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5, bacterial strains exposed to Ag NPs for 6 h, showed the most antimicrobial effect. Therefore, E. coli, L. acidophilus, and B. animalis incubated in their respective broth medium for 6 h, with and without the presence of 4.6 mM of Ag NPs were used to perform the cell viability assay using fluorescence microscopy. Figure 4.23 shows the fluorescence microscopic images of the cells untreated (Figure 4.23 A, C, E) and treated (Figure 4.23 B, D, F) with ZnO NPs. E. coli control (A) and treated (B) samples as shown in Figure 4.23, demonstrated green fluorescence in both images which indicates live cells. There were very few red fluorescent cells, indicating the presence of dead cells in the treated sample (4.23B). This result supports with previous results (Figure 4.1A) which showed no significant effects (P ≤ .05) of ZnO NPs on E. coli growth. L. acidophilus and B. animalis showed similar morphological changes as those observed in SEM images (Figure 4.23D and F) after treatment of ZnO NPs. Green fluorescent cells were observed in the control image (4.23C and E) with straight rod shape formed in a chain while, treated cells were formed in clusters or twisted around one another. However, not all twisted cells showed red fluorescence, which indicates that not all deformed cells were dead. The results support the plate count numbers in Figure 4.2B and 4.2C, that 59PDF Image | ZINC OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON INTESTINAL BACTERIA
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