PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 009
Materials 2020, 13, 3453 9 of 58 Na3V2(PO4)3 delivered a capacity of 115 mA·h·g−1 at 0.2C with outstanding cycle ability (54% capacity retention after 20,000 cycles), and high rate capability (38 mA·h·g−1 at 500 C). [107]. Carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)3/C in a porous graphene network as a cathode exhibited a very high rate capability, delivering a capacity of 86 mA·h·g−1 at 100C with 64% retention after 10,000 cycles [108], owing to the Materials 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 53 combination of the high ionic conductivity of NASICON and the high electrical conductivity of the graphene network. More recently, carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)3 uniformly anchored on the fibers of a conductivity of the graphene network. More recently, carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)3 uniformly carbon cloth was used as a cathode with high mass loading of 20 wt.% (3.5 mg·cm−2) (Figure 4) [109]. anchored on the fibers of a carbon cloth was used as a cathode with high mass loading of 20 wt.% This anode delivered 82.0% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 20C, and demonstrated a high rate (3.5 mg cm−2) (Figure 4) [109]. This anode delivered 82.0% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 20C, capacity (96.8 mA·h·g−1 at 100C and 69.9 mA·h·g−1 at 200C). This illustrates the higher performance of and demonstrated a high rate capacity (96.8 mA h g−1 at 100C and 69.9 mA h g−1 at 200C). This binder-free and self-supporting electrode. Other examples will be reported along this review, and will illustrates the higher performance of binder-free and self-supporting electrode. Other examples will be discussed later on. A 3D porous skeleton–supported Na3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite demonstrated be reported along this review, and will be discussed later on. A 3D porous skeleton–supported high-rate capability (78 mA·h·g−1 at 192C, approaching 76.9% of the initial capability of 98.6 mA·h·g−1 Na3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite demonstrated high-rate capability (78 mA h g−1 at 192C, approaching at 0.5C), remarkable cycling stability (98.4% retention after 800 cycles at 1C, 91.4% retention after 2000 76.9% of the initial capability of 98.6 mA h g−1 at 0.5C), remarkable cycling stability (98.4% retention cycles at 10C), and outstanding high-rate endurance (76.0% capacity retentions after 3000 cycles at after 800 cycles at 1C, 91.4% retention after 2000 cycles at 10C), and outstanding high-rate endurance 100C) [110]. (76.0% capacity retentions after 3000 cycles at 100C) [110]. Figure 4. (A) Illustration of the preparation process of binder-free NVP@C-CC membrane, Figure 4. (A) Illustration of the preparation process of binder-free NVP@C-CC membrane, which which includes the loading of Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) precursor on carbon cloth (CC) by dip-coating and includes the loading of Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) precursor on carbon cloth (CC) by dip-coating and drop- drop-coating, followed by an annealing treatment in N2 atmosphere. In NTP@C, the C content was 3.2 coating, followed by an annealing treatment in N2 atmosphere. In NTP@C, the C content was 3.2 wt.%. wt.%. The mass loading of NVP@C in NVP@C-CC membrane was calculated to be 20% (3.5 mg·cm−2). The mass loading of NVP@C in NVP@C-CC membrane was calculated to be 20% (3.5 mg cm-2). (B) (B) Electrochemical properties of this membrane. (a) Voltage profiles of NVP@C-CC and NVP@C Electrochemical properties of this membrane. (a) Voltage profiles of NVP@C-CC and NVP@C powder powder in the voltage range from 2 to 3.9 V vs. Na+/Na at 1C rate. (b) Cycling performance and in the voltage range from 2 to 3.9 V vs. Na+/Na at 1C rate. (b) Cycling performance and corresponding corresponding Coulombic efficiency of NVP@C-CC and NVP@C powder at 1C rate. (c) The long-term Coulombic efficiency of NVP@C-CC and NVP@C powder at 1C rate. (c) The long-term cycling cycling stability and corresponding Coulombic efficiency of NVP@C-CC at 20 and 50C. The inset in (c) stability and corresponding Coulombic efficiency of NVP@C-CC at 20 and 50C. The inset in (c) is is digital photographs of the as-prepared bind-free NVP@C-CC membrane and the flexible membrane digital photographs of the as-prepared bind-free NVP@C-CC membrane and the flexible membrane can be cut into the disks of ≈ 1.54 cm2 directly as the working electrode. Reproduced with permission can be cut into the disks of ≈ 1.54 cm2 directly as the working electrode. Reproduced with permission from [109]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier. from [109]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier. Chen et al. introduced another NASICON-type cathode element, Na3V2(PO4)3N, and used an Chen et al. introduced another NASICON-type cathode element, Na3V2(PO4)3N, and used an N- N-doped graphene oxide-wrapped Na3V2(PO4)3N composite with a uniform carbon coating layer as a doped graphene oxide-wrapped Na3V2(PO4)3N composite with a uniform carbon coating layer as a 4 4 V class cathode for SIBs [111]. This cathode delivered specific capacities of 78.9 mA·h·g−1 at 0.1C (1C V class cathode for SIBs [111]. This cathode delivered specific capacities of 78.9 mA h g−1 at 0.1C (1C = 80 mA g−1) and 59.2 mA h g−1 at 30C. The capacity retention of 91.0 % and 75.9 % could be achieved at 1C (800 cycles) and 10C rate (5000 cycles), respectively. Gao et al. used a sol-gel synthesis to obtain 200 nm particles of Na3MnZr(PO4)3 coated in situ with a thin carbon layer. Na3MnZr(PO4)3 crystallizes in the rhombohedral NASICON structure. Used as a cathode, it delivered a capacity of 105 mA h g−1 at 0.1C rate, and a capacity retention of 91% wasPDF Image | Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
PDF Search Title:
Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion BatteriesOriginal File Name Searched:
materials-13-03453-v2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Salt water flow battery technology with low cost and great energy density that can be used for power storage and thermal storage. Let us de-risk your production using our license. Our aqueous flow battery is less cost than Tesla Megapack and available faster. Redox flow battery. No membrane needed like with Vanadium, or Bromine. Salgenx flow battery
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)