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Materials 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 53 capacity of 163.3 mA h g−1 at 30 mA g−1 when cycled between 2.0 V and 4.0 V, and 112 mA h g−1 at a current density of 800 mA g−1. A capacity retention of 91.9% (137.6 mA h g−1) was observed after 500 cycles at 200 mA g−1. The removal of coordinated water is thus mandatory to obtain good Materials 2020, 13, 3453 15 of 58 electrochemical properties with Prussian blue analogs. Figure 7. (A) Schematic structure of Na FeFe(CN) (Na in red, C in brown, N in grey, Fe1 and Fe2 in Figure 7. (A) Schematic structure of Na22--xFeFe(CN)6 (Na in red, C in brown, N in grey, Fe1 and Fe2 in cyan and blue, respectively). (B) The electrochemical properties. (a) initial charge–discharge curves, cyan and blue, respectively). (B) The electrochemical properties. (a) initial charge–discharge curves, (b) rate and (c) cycling performance. Reproduced with permission from [167]. Copyright 2020 Springer. (b) rate and (c) cycling performance. Reproduced with permission from [167]. Copyright 2020 Springer. Ref. [172]. Actually, better results were obtained without the substitution of Co for Ni; Na2CoFe(CN)6 nanocrystals demonstrated a capacity of 150 mA·h·g−1 and a ∼90% capacity retention A dehydrated Na2-δMnFe(CN)6∙mH2O (δ ≈ 0.1; m ≈ 0.3) phase demonstrated a capacity of 150 mA over 200 cycles [173]. Na Ni Mn [Fe(CN) ] delivered a capacity of 95 mA·h·g−1 with capacity −1 1.76 0.12 0.88 6 0.98 with an average voltage of 3.5 V and exhibited 75% capacity retention after 500 cycles [161]. h g retention of 83.8% after 800 cycles [174]. Recently, sodium full batteries derived from X-Fe (X = Co, Ni, Improved kinetics were obtained with highly crystalline NaFe2(CN)6/graphene composite. The Mn) Prussian blue analogs (PBAs)were investigated. In particular, Ni Fe Se coming from Ni-Fe capacity at low rate (150 mA h g −1 −1 0.67 0.33 2 at 25 mA g ) was smaller than in [167], but the rate capability was PBAs showing core–shell structure in a dual-carbon matrix used as an anode retained an ultralong-term improved with a capacity of 0.122 and 0.107 Wh g−1 at rate of 1 and 2 A g−1, respectively [169]. This stability of 375 mA·h·g−1 after 10,000 cycles even at 10 A·g−1. The full cell using this anode vs. Ni-Fe fast kinetics was attributed to the reduced concentration of Fe(CN)6 vacancies that hamper the PBA delivered a capacity of 302 mA·h·g−1 at 1.0 A·g−1 [175]. Table 1 lists the electrochemical properties electron transport along the CN framework. The slow crystallization process helped to obtain defect- Another strategy was the synthesis of nanospheres with a hierarchical hollow architecture that can provide large numbers of active sites for sodium ions. These nanospheres demonstrated a capacity of 142 mA h g−1 [171]. The combination of Na-rich and multicomponent was also tried. Na1.72MnFe(CN)6 was obtained through introducing a large amount of NaCl [162], but the rate capability was small, due to the JT distortion due to Mn3+. Na2NixCo1-xFe(CN)6 had a better rate capability but the capacity was below 100 mA h g−1 of selected cathode-materials reviewed in the text. free cubic particles tightly interconnected by the corrugated graphene oxide layers. Another strategy experimented to increase the capacity was the increase the concentration of sodium per formula. You et al. prepared Na-rich sodium iron hexacyanoferrate of composition Na1.63Fe1.89(CN)6 by controlling the reducing agent and reaction atmosphere during synthesis. Used as a cathode, it demonstrated a specific capacity of 150 mA h g−1 with 90% capacity retention after 200 cycles [170].PDF Image | Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
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