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Morphology Derived Coconut Sheath for Sodium-Ion Battery

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Morphology Derived Coconut Sheath for Sodium-Ion Battery ( morphology-derived-coconut-sheath-sodium-ion-battery )

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Energies 2022, 15, 8086 7 of 20 particle and surface morphology of the HC material [30]. The existence of an open channel structure forms porous carbon, which allocates a path for the transportation of electrolyte ions during the charge storage process. The activation of carbon by KOH, NaOH, and Energies 2022, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW ZnCl2 proceeded according to the following reaction: 6KOH+C →2K+3H2+2K2CO3 6NaOH+C →2Na+3H2 +2Na2CO3 Figure 5. FTIR analysis of K-CS, Na-CS, Zn-CS. Figure 5. FTIR analysis of K-CS, Na-CS, Zn-CS. The general stoichiometric reaction is given by: 7 (1) (2) The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was executed for all three CSHC pr 6MOH+2C →2M+3H +2M CO (3) sorsasshowninFigure6.Itisindisputable2thatth2ed3isordered,randomlyoriente rous structure has been attained by KOH, NaOH, and ZnCl2 activation. The SEM im The mechanism behind the chemical activation used is popular for several carbon exposed the effect of pyrolysis and chemical activation on the surface of carbon prod materials. In KOH, the pore generation is primarily owing to the presence of oxygen in from the CS. The pyrolysis of the pre-carbonized precursor in the presence of KOH, which results in the exclusion of stabilization and cross-linking of carbon atoms. ANtatOheHp,yaronldysZisnteCml2pceraetautrees, tohpeemnectahlalincnKeilnsswertisthinltiotttlheevciasribolen elidmifiictedanmdidcirsoruppotrsosity. P the arrangement of the crystallite. The porous nature is overseen by the amputation of Poddar et al. studied the mechanical, structural, and morphological study of coconu potassium salts through washing and the removal of interior carbon atoms during the sheath. In that study, they presented the SEM image of raw coconut leaf sheath prec pyrolysis process [31,32]. revealing a sheet-like structure, without any chemical activating agent. The raw CS t In NaOH, the pore size is mainly due to some active sites in the char that are etched into brown-colored powder after being dried and crushed. Subsequently, the po by strong corrosive NaOH at high temperatures. During the pyrolysis process, the ensuing turns black after chemical activation and pyrolysis. Here, all the HC particles sho char is richer in carbon, and the basic porous structure is formed by removing non-carbon airtoremgsu.lIanrthpeoirnotuersimst,rtuhectcuhraeriwshreeanrracnogmedpaforredthetocrythstealasbtrouvcetu-mre.enThtiiosnheadmpuenrstrtehaetedcoc successive activation reactions with NaOH to generate a porous structure [33,34]. leaf sheath, which means that the different chemical activating agents used have aff the size of the particle and surface morphology of the HC material [30]. The existen an open channel structure forms porous carbon, which allocates a path for the tran tation of electrolyte ions during the charge storage process. The activation of carbo KOH, NaOH, and ZnCl2 proceeded according to the following reaction: 6KOH+C →2K+3H2 +2K2CO3 e d u K i t u w w o e c s

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