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Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3529 23 of 29 Table 1. Different electrolytes and their main low-temperature electrochemical performances. Electrolytes Temperature (◦C) −20 −20 −10 −20 −5 −15 −25 0 −15 −25 0 −25 0 −15 0 −10 −20 0 −25 0 −20 0 −10 −20 −50 0 −10 −20 0 −10 −20 Conductivity (S/cm) / / / / / / / / / / / / 1.1 × 10−4 / / / Specific Capacity (mAh/g) 94 0.2 C 93 0.2 C 113 0.2 C 100 0.2 C 375 20 C 300 20 C 250 20 C 425 2 C 375 2 C 350 2 C 79.3 0.5 C 65.1 0.5 C 245 0.1 C 150 0.1 C 105 0.266 C 110 0.266 C 102 0.266 C 155 0.3 C 105 0.3 C 130 0.75 C 100 0.75 C 120 0.2 C 120 0.2 C 116 0.2 C 68 0.665 C 82 10 C 78 10 C 70 10 C 44.5 78.1 0.1 C 58.6 0.1 C Retention Capacity/Number of Cycles 84%/200 1 C 93%/200 0.5 C 94%/200 0.5 C 96.2%/1000 20 C 98%/1000 20 C 90.4%/1000 20 C 96%/80 2 C 82%/80 2 C 65%/80 2 C 87%/440 1 C 84%/440 1 C / / 81%/1000 2.4 C 86%/1000 2.4 C 89%/100 0.75 C 92%/100 0.75 C 97.2%/40 1 C 75.8%/500 10 C 95%/100 0.665 C 85%/10,000 10 C 94%/50 1C / Anode//Cathode 1 M NaClO4 in PC 2 vol% FEC Ref. [55] 1MNaClO4 PCwith5vol%FEC Ref. [28] 1 M NaClO4 in EC/PC 5wt% FEC Ref. [46] 1 M NaClO4 in EC/PC 5wt% FEC Ref. [50] 1 M NaClO4 in EC/DMC 1:1 (vol) Ref. [19] 1 M NaPF6 EC/PC 1:1 (wt) 10wt% DMC Ref. [42] 1 M NaClO4 EC/DEC 1:1 (vol) Ref. [52] 1 M NaClO4 EC/PC 1:1 (vol) Ref. [6] 0.5 M NaPF6 EMS: FEC 98:2 (vol) Ref. [18] 1 M NaClO4 EC/PC 1:1 (vol) Ref. [31] molar fraction 0.3% DMSO 2 M NaClO4 Ref. [74] 2 M NaClO4 Ref. [54] 1 M sodium acetate in ethanol/water 5:1 (vol) Ref. [66] 0.2NaFSI-0.8EMIFSI Ref. [33] Na//NaV1.25 Ti0.75 O4 Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2//NaV1.25Ti0.75O4 full cell Na//NFP@C Na//3DSG composite Na//cl-Fe7Se8@C Na//PBNi-ES HC@C//Na Na//NTP@C-2 Na//PB/CNT HC//RAHC Na//NVP@C NaTi2(PO4)3@C//activated carbon NaTi2 (PO4 )3 @C//nanoNi(OH)2 Zn//Na0.44 MnO2 Na//NASICON-NVP@CPDF Image | Na Ion Batteries Used at Low Temperatures
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