PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
gels Communication Task-Specific Phosphonium Iongels by Fast UV-Photopolymerization for Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries Luca Porcarelli 1,2, Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez 1 , Preston Sutton 2, Vera Bocharova 3, Asier Fdz De Anastro 4, Montserrat Galceran 4 , Alexei P. Sokolov 5 , Patrick C. Howlett 2, Maria Forsyth 1,2,6 and David Mecerreyes 1,6,* Academic Editors: Giao T.M. Nguyen and Jean Le Bideau Received: 18 October 2022 Accepted: 7 November 2022 Published: 9 November 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 1 2 3 4 5 6 * Correspondence: david.mecerreyes@ehu.es Abstract: Sodium metal batteries are an emerging technology that shows promise in terms of materials availability with respect to lithium batteries. Solid electrolytes are needed to tackle the safety issues related to sodium metal. In this work, a simple method to prepare a mechanically robust and efficient soft solid electrolyte for sodium batteries is demonstrated. A task-specific iongel electrolyte was prepared by combining in a simple process the excellent performance of sodium metal electrodes of an ionic liquid electrolyte and the mechanical properties of polymers. The iongel was synthesized by fast (<1 min) UV photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in the presence of a saturated 42%mol solution of sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) in trimethyl iso-butyl phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P111i4FSI). The resulting soft solid electrolytes showed high ionic conductivity at room temperature (≥10−3 S cm−1) and tunable storage modulus (104–107 Pa). Iongel with the best ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties (Iongel10) showed excellent battery performance: Na/iongel/NaFePO4 full cells delivered a high specific capacity of 140 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 120 mAh g−1 at 1 C with good capacity retention after 30 cycles. Keywords: iongel electrolyte; polymer electrolyte; sodium metal battery 1. Introduction Today, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are the leading energy storage technology in the market of consumer electronics and electric mobility [1]. However, it is unlikely that LIBs alone can satisfy the demand for large-format energy storage due to the limited availability and the increasing price of lithium sources. Recent research is focusing on emerging post-lithium-ion batteries [2,3]. Multivalent ion batteries—such as magnesium, zinc, and aluminum—hold the theoretical advantage of transferring multiple charges by each ion, but the development of these technologies is still in an early stage [4]. On the other hand, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained increasing traction in academia and industry with few companies—such as Faradion (UK) and CATL (China)—near to market introduction. Sodium is a cheap and extremely abundant element that displays a very similar electrochemical behavior to lithium [5,6]. Nevertheless, SIBs still face some research challenges including lower energy densities than LIBs [4]. SIBs usually employ hard carbon anodes and carbonate-based electrolytes. Replacing hard carbon-negative electrodes with sodium metal ones could theoretically increase the energy density if suitable electrolytes for POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne 3216, Australia Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA Center for Cooperative Rersearch on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Alava, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48011 Bilbao, Spain Citation: Porcarelli, L.; Olmedo-Martínez, J.L.; Sutton, P.; Bocharova, V.; Fdz De Anastro, A.; Galceran, M.; Sokolov, A.P.; Howlett, P.C.; Forsyth, M.; Mecerreyes, D. Task-Specific Phosphonium Iongels by Fast UV-Photopolymerization for Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries. Gels2022,8,725. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/gels8110725 Gels 2022, 8, 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8110725 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/gelsPDF Image | Phosphonium Iongels for Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries
PDF Search Title:
Phosphonium Iongels for Solid-State Sodium Metal BatteriesOriginal File Name Searched:
gels-08-00725.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Salt water flow battery technology with low cost and great energy density that can be used for power storage and thermal storage. Let us de-risk your production using our license. Our aqueous flow battery is less cost than Tesla Megapack and available faster. Redox flow battery. No membrane needed like with Vanadium, or Bromine. Salgenx flow battery
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP |