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Improving the behavior of the solid ceramic ion conductor Although NaSICON (Sodium (Na) Super Ionic Conductor) has proven an effective solid state ion conductor in organic and molten inorganic electrolytes, its’ instability in acidic and alkaline (Brønsted sense) media has prevented significant use in aqueous systems. Through ionic-substitution, we modified the metal-oxygen bonds to improve its’ stability to pH extremes. Developing an aqueous stable NaSICON formulation would open the doors to other battery systems and new application areas: Sodium-air Sodium-bromine Na-Br Source of instability: • Metal-oxygen bonds in the the zirconia octahedra (blue) and phosphate or silica tetrahedra (orange), however, are weak points in the NaSICON lattice. • Acid: Protonation of metal-bridging oxygen • Base: Nucleophilic attack by OH- or deprotonation of non-bridging oxygen. Na3Zr2PSi2O12 4PDF Image | Sodium-Based Battery Development DOE
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