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Sodium-ion batteries present and future

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Sodium-ion batteries present and future ( sodium-ion-batteries-present-and-future )

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Chem Soc Rev Review Article Fig. 27 (a) Crystal structure of spinel Li4Ti5O12 viewed from the [110] crystallographic direction showing separated Ti and O columns. (b) STEM imaging of a three-phase coexistence region. HAADF, ABF images and ABF line profile of Li4Ti5O12 (Li4), Li7Ti5O12 (Li7) and Na6LiTi5O12 (Na6Li) phase. (Reproduced by permission from ref. 337, Nature Publishing Group, Copyright 2013.) (c) First discharge–charge curve of carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 and it indicating the places where ex situ XRD and XPS measurements were carried out; (d) ex situ XRD patterns (left) and (e) XPS profiles of carbon-coated Li4Ti5O12 (right). (Reprinted from ref. 339, Copyright 2015, with permission from Elsevier.) (f) The charge–discharge curve of Na storage into the crystallite size distribution of nanosized (r = 44 nm, r = 120 nm) and submicrosized (r = 440 nm) Li4Ti5O12. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 340, Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society.) (g) TEM, HR-TEM images of G-PLTO (grapheme-wrapped porous Li4Ti5O12) and long-term cycling performance of G-PLTO at 3C-rate for 12 000 cycles. (Reproduced from ref. 343 with permission, Copyright 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.) (Fig. 24e). A reversible capacity of 145 mA h g􏰣1 was delivered and Li7Ti5O12 as the final product after Na+ insertion. Later, View Article Online with a relatively low insertion/extraction potential of 1.0 V. Also, they suggested an unexpected mechanism with a mixture of LiNa6Ti5O12 Sun et al. precisely interpreted the Na+ insertion behavior via DFT calculations and advanced electron microscopy337 (Fig. 27a and b). Thisjournalis©TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2017 Chem.Soc.Rev.,2017,46,3529--3614 | 3569 Open Access Article. Published on 28 March 2017. Downloaded on 7/1/2019 3:41:21 AM. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.

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