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K. Zabielska, T. Aleksandrzak, E. Gabrus ́, Chem. Process Eng., 2018, 39 (3), 309–321 Fig. 2. Intelligent Gravimetric Analyzer IGA-002 (Nastaj and Aleksandrzak, 2003) A sample of the adsorbent (about 82 mg) was placed on a stainless steel sieve which was suspended on the balance inside the metal reactor using a gold chain and a tungsten wire. At the condition of ultra-high vacuum the reactor was thermostated using a circulation water bath GR 150 (Grant Instruments, United Kingdom) or heated with electric furnace Cryofurnace (Hiden Isochema, United Kingdom). The sample temperature measured using a Pt 100 sensor was regulated by the PID controller the ccuracy of +/ − 0.05 ◦C for the water bath and +/−0.1 ◦C for the furnace. The reactor pressure was measured using a manometer with the resolution of +/ − 0.625 Pa. Before each measurement, the sample was degassed “in situ” for 2 hours at the temperature of 200 ◦C and vacuum of 10−6 Pa. Such a low pressure was obtained by the system of two vacuum pumps: the MD 1 membrane pump (Vacuumbrand, Germany) and the TMU 071 P turbomolecular pump (Pfiffer Vacuum Technology, Germany) (Nastaj and Aleksandrzak, 2003). After degassing the sample, the adsorption equilibrium measurement was made for set values of tempera- ture and pressure. The source of CO2 was the gas cylinder (purity of CO2 was 99.995%). IGA controlled pressure inside the chamber, in which a sample was located, by adjusting automatically the input and output valves of the reactor. For each measuring point (set pressure and temperature values) real time processor (RTP), which was responsible for recording sample weight changes, predicted an asymptotic value of mass sample. After reaching 99.9% of the predicted weight value, the IGA system continued the measurement for the next isotherm point (next set point pressure). When all pressure setpoints were examined the sample was degassed and the measurement was performed for the next temperature value (Nastaj and Aleksandrzak, 2003). 2.3. Types of adsorption equilibria As a result of gas phase contact with the solid surface, part of the gas phase molecules is adsorbed on the surface of the solid. The amount of adsorbed substance per unit of adsorbent weight is called adsorption capacity. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon that occurs at any pressure and temperature (Keller and Staudt, 2005; Paderewski, 1999; Thomas and Crittenden, 1998). Number of molecules adsorbed in equilibrium conditions on the surface of the adsorbent q∗ depends on the process temperature T and the partial pressure of the adsorbed substance p: 312 q∗ = f(T,p) (1) http://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/journal/98834PDF Image | ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM OF CARBON DIOXIDE ON ZEOLITE
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