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The replacement labor cost covers the labor cost for removing spent carbon from vessels and replacing it with virgin or regenerated carbon. The cost would vary with the amount of carbon being replaced, the labor rates, and other factors, but can be estimated using equation 1.37. For example, to remove and replace a 50,000 pound carbon charge would require about 16 person-days. [13] Hence, a typical carbon replacement rate is 379 lbs of carbon per hour. Ccl = CRR = LR = Mc = labor cost for carbon replacement, $ carbon replacement rate, lbs of carbon/hour (default value, 379 lbs/hour) labor rate, $/hour quantity of carbon replaced, lbs C LRMc (1.37) where cl CRR A typical life for the carbon is five years. However, if the inlet contains VOCs that are very difficult to desorb, tend to polymerize, or react with other constituents, a shorter carbon lifetime of one or two years is likely. [1] The capital recovery factor (CFRc) is calculated using the following equation: i (1i)n CRFc (1i)n 1 (1.38) Where i is the assumed interest rate and n is the expected life of the carbon. For a five- year life and 5% interest rate, CRFc is 0.2310. 1.8.1.5 Solid Waste Disposal Disposal costs are rarely incurred with fixed-bed adsorbers, because the carbon is almost always regenerated in place, not discarded. The carbon in canister units should also be regenerated in most cases. For larger vessels, common practice is for a carbon vendor to pick up the spent carbon and replace it with fresh carbon. The spent carbon is then returned to a central facility for regeneration. The EPA encourages both solvent recovery and reuse of spent carbon as pollution prevention and waste minimization techniques. In some cases, the solvent characteristics, such as their toxicity or the difficulty in desorbing them from the carbon, may make landfill disposal the preferred option. In these cases, an entire canister—carbon, drum, connections, etc.— may be shipped to a secure landfill. The cost of landfill disposal could vary considerably, depending on the number of canisters disposed of, the location of the landfill, etc. Based on data obtained from two large landfills, disposal costs range from approximately $35 to $65 per canister, excluding transportation costs.[14, 15] 1-31PDF Image | Carbon Adsorbers
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