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352 Int J Energy Environ Eng (2014) 5:349–356 35, 45 and 60 °C). It can be seen that all isotherm curves exhibit common behavior regardless of temperature and adsorbent type which mean the amount of CO2 adsorbed on the adsorbent increases very rapidly with the increase in pressure over the low pressure range, and it tends to stabi- lize as the pressure continues to increase as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. The isotherms behavior follows the type-I isotherm category according to IUPAC adsorption isotherm classification [26], which indicates a monolayer adsorption mechanism, commonly applied to micro-porous adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms curves reveal the typical behavior showing the effect of temperature on the CO2 adsorption capacity. That is, an increase in adsorption temperature leads to a reduction in the amount of adsorbed CO2. Rising temperature simply provides more internal energy to CO2 molecules in the gas phase. It should be noted that the increasing energy allows gaseous molecules to diffuse at a greater rate, but, at the same time, it reduces the chance for the CO2 to be restrained or trapped by fixed energy adsorption sites on the adsorbent surface. The amount of CO2 adsorbed by using zeolite 13X is 4.215 molCO2 kg1 while the amount of CO2 adsorbed by using sorbent zeolite 4A is 3.263 molCO2 kg1 at 1 bar and a temperature sorbent Fig. 2 CO2 breakthrough curve for zeolite 13X at 1 bar Fig. 3 CO2 breakthrough curve for zeolite 4A at 1 bar of 25 °C. AC gives the lowest adsorption capacity with an amount of 2.828 molCO2 kg1 for this particular study. At 2 Adsorption isotherms In this study, the CO2 adsorption for each adsorbent was measured under a series of isothermal conditions (i.e., 25, bents decreases by 20–30 %. In addition, the slope of adsorption isotherm curve reveals the strength of interaction between CO2 molecules and the adsorption sites for indi- vidual sorbents. It appears that zeolite based adsorbents which exhibit greater slope of the adsorption curves have stronger adsorption sites as compare to AC. The experimental data were fitted to standard isotherm models like Langmuir and Freundlich model. The Langmuir isotherm equation can be represented as shown in Eq. 1 [27] q 1⁄4 qmKPCO2 ð1Þ 1 þ KPCO2 where q is the amount of CO2 adsorbed at the CO2 partial pressure P and qm is the amount of CO2 adsorbed with monolayer coverage. The values of qm and Langmuir constant K, calculated from the CO2 adsorption isotherms, are listed in Table 4. The monolayer CO2 coverage at the different temperatures 25, 35, 45 and 60 °C were well- fitted for the zeolite adsorbents. While, Freundlich equation takes the form as shown in Eq. 2 [27]: q 1⁄4 KP1=n ð2Þ CO2 where K and n are Freundlich model constants. The K and n values of zeolite are higher than that of activated carbon. The Freunlich constant and regression co-efficient are given in Table 5 and agree well with AC. sorbent higher temperature, CO2 adsorption capacity for the adsor- Fig. 4 CO breakthrough curve for AC at 1 bar 123PDF Image | Carbon dioxide adsorption on zeolites and activated carbon by pressure swing adsorption
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