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1857 Twenty-one basic grid points are marked in the bed to set up the initial concentration, initial temperature, and initial pressure. The partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations by the method of lines. The spatial derivatives of the concentration and the gas temperature are evaluated by upwind differences at every grid point. The cubic spline approximation is used to estimate the flow rates in the adsorptive bed. The concentration, temperature, and adsorption quantity in the bed are integrated with respect to time by LSODE of ODEPACK software with a time step of 0.1s. The simulation is stopped by using Eq. 8 when the system reaches a cyclic steady state. (8) 2.2 PSA process The PSA process studied is a two stage dual-bed eight-step process at room temperature using adsorbents: modified activated carbon AC5-KS and zeolite 13X-Ca. The feed gas is from the effluent stream in the water-gas-shift reactor which is cited in the report of National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL Report, 2009). It is assumed that the gas mixture from which water has been removed enters the PSA process. Furthermore, the feed gas entering the PSA process consists of 1.3 % CO, 41.4 % CO2 and 57.3 % H2. The process is described as follows: feed pressurization (I), high pressure adsorption (II), continuous adsorption (III), continuous adsorption (IV), countercurrent depressurization (V), continuous depressurization (VI), countercurrent purge (VII), and product pressurization (VIII). During step I to step IV, the bed pressure increases from atmospheric pressure to high pressure, and less adsorptive hydrogen is produced. Strongly adsorptive carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced during step V to step VII when the bed pressure decreases from high pressure to low pressure (0.1 atm). In step VII and step VIII, we use the less adsorptive product to purge and pressurize the bed from low pressure to atmospheric pressure. The procedure of the dual-bed eight-step process is shown in Figure 2. The physical parameters of adsorption bed and the step time for two stages are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Figure 2: Procedure of the dual-bed eight-step PSA process. Table 1: Step time for two stages Step I II IIIIVVVIVIIVIII time(s) H2-PSA 20 25 10 10 20 25 10 10 CO2-PSA 150 50 10 10 150 50 Table 2: Physical parameters of bed Bed length(cm) 730 Bed diameter(cm) 240 Operating temperature 303K Feed pressure 7atm Vacuum pressure 0.1atm 10 10PDF Image | Carbon Dioxide Capture and Hydrogen Purification PSA
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