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2184 Rafael M. Siqueira et al. / Energy Procedia 114 (2017) 2182 – 2192 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Assessment of adsorption equilibrium Single component and binary equilibrium data were obtained by using a Rubotherm (Bochum, Germany) magnetic suspension balance. Adsorption measurements were performed at 25, 50 and 75 °C at pressures ranging from vacuum (10-3 bar) up to 20 bar. The adsorbent regeneration was carried out at 150 °C under vacuum for 6 hours with heating rate of 1 °C min-1. CO2 (99.5%) and N2 (99.999%) were supplied by White Martins Praxair Inc. (Brazil). Equilibrium was assumed to be reached when the mass variation was less than 10-4 g for at least 30 min. Data handling and determination of adsorbed amounts were performed according to the literature [17–19]. 2.2. Isotherm models The Langmuir isotherm model (Eq. 1) was fitted to the experimental single component adsorption data. It describes the formation of a monolayer assuming surface homogeneity and energetically equivalent adsorption sites with no interactions between adjacent sites [20-21]. q qmbP 1 bP concentration or saturation capacity; b is related to the adsorbate-adsorbent affinity (bar-1) and P the pressure (bar). Parameter b is a function of temperature represented by Eq. 2. (1) where q is the adsorbed concentration (mmol g-1) in equilibrium, while qm (mmol g-1) is the maximum adsorbed b b eEa *RT 0 (2) where the constants b0 and Ea represent the pre-exponential factor and the energy of adsorption, respectively [22]. The extended Langmuir model (EL) (Eq. 3) was used to describe the adsorption of binary mixtures. This model uses the parameters obtained from the fittings for the isotherms of each component (i). qbP q i (1 bP) jj m,i i i 2.3. Column dynamics and PSA cycles A fixed bed unit was used to obtain breakthrough curves of pure components and mixtures (CO2/N2) diluted in helium (purity of 99.999%), which is assumed not to adsorb, at three different pressures (6, 12 and 20 bar) to provide data for the validation of the PSA mathematical model. For the (pseudo) single component breakthrough curves, CO2 and N2 were diluted in 90% of He. The composition for the runs with He/CO2/N2 was 24/16/60%, which gives a relationship of approximately 21:79 for CO2:N2, all in molar basis. The column was packed with an activated carbon sample with properties shown in Table 1. The total pressure inside the column was kept constant with the aid of a back-pressure controller (BPC) at bed outlet. The feed flow rate, controlled by mass flow controllers (MFC), was set to 5.4 L min-1 for the He/CO2 and He/N2 experiments and 6.8 L min-1 for the mixture CO2/N2/He. All volumetric flow rates reported in the present work are at standard condition of 1 atm and 273.15 K. (3)PDF Image | Carbon Dioxide Capture by Pressure Swing Adsorption
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