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Energies 2021, 14, 3582 12 of 15 Table 9. Optimal operating conditions for capturing CO2 from flue gas using the three-bed nine-step PSA process. Parameters Feed composition Feed flow rate (m3/s, NTP) Bed length (m) Bed inner diameter (m) Bed volume (L) Bed porosity (-) Fluid viscosity (kg/m·s) Overall heat transfer coefficient (J/K·m2·s) Feed temperature (K) Surrounding temperature (K) Feed pressure (atm) Vacuum pressure (atm) Cocurrent depressurization pressure (atm) Step time (s) Values 13.5 vol% CO2 and 86.5 vol% N2 1.21 × 10−3 0.46 0.16 9.25 0.6937 1.87 × 10−5 10.8 303.14 323.14 3.66 0.05 0.3 94, 350, 50, 94, 350, 50, 94, 350, and 50 Table 10. Simulation results before and after the CCD analysis for purity, recovery, and energy consumption. Results Purity (vol%) Recovery (%) Energy consumption (GJ/t-CO2 ) Simulation for Basic Case 85.96 82.09 1.06 4. Conclusions Prediction from Regression 89.83 89.78 1.15 Simulation after CCD 89.20 88.20 1.17 In this study, the isotherm parameters were obtained by fitting the CO2 and N2 adsorption data from the experiment. The breakthrough curve and desorption curve experiments performed at the laboratory scale were used to verify the simulation accuracy, and the agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results is good. The three-bed, nine-step PSA process experiment was used to capture the flue gas from the power plant for the 100-h three-bed nine-step PSA process experiment. The comparison between the experimental and simulation data shows that the simulation results were reliable. Finally, this study used the CCD and regression analysis to determine the optimal purity, recovery, and minimum energy consumption with a feed composition involving 13.5 vol% CO2 and 86.5 vol% N2. The simulation results showed that the purity of the CO2 in the bottom product could reach 89.20 vol% with a recovery of 88.20%, while the purity of the N2 in the top product could reach 98.49% with a recovery of 93.56%. When using the flue gas from a subcritical 1-kW coal-fired power plant as the feed, the power consumption was 1.17 GJ/t-CO2 under optimal conditions: feed pressure = 3.66 atm, vacuum pressure = 0.05 atm, CD pressure = 0.3 atm, surrounding temperature = 323.14 K, step 1/4/7 time = 94 s, step 2/5/8 time = 350 s, and bed length = 0.46 m. Author Contributions: Investigation, C.-Y.C. and C.-C.K.; Resources, Z.-Y.Z.; Software, H.-S.Y.; Supervision, M.-W.Y. and C.-T.C.; Writing—original draft, P.-W.L. and Y.-F.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the Taiwan Power Company. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available in [1]. Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank the Taiwan Power Company for financial support.PDF Image | CO2 captured from flue gas using the PSA process
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