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Separation of gases accounts for a major fraction of the production cost in chemical, petro- chemical, and related industries. There has been a growing demand for economical and energy efficient gas separation processes. The new generation of more selective adsorbents developed in recent years has enabled adsorption-based technologies to compete successfully with tra- ditional gas separation techniques, such as cryogenic distillation and absorption. The last few decades have seen a considerable increase in the applications of adsorptive gas separation technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Pressure swing adsorption is a versa- tile technology for separation and purification of gas mixtures. While initial applications of PSA included gas drying and purification of dilute mixtures, current industrial applications include solvent vapor recovery, air fractionation, production of hydrogen from steam-methane reformer (SMR) and petroleum refinery offgases, separation of hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide-hydrogen, carbon dioxide-methane, and n-paraffins separation, and alcohol dehy- dration. Advent of commercial PSA operations started with the early patents on this subject granted to Skarstrom [176] and Guerin de Montgareuil and Domine [60]. Since then, PSA has become the state-of-the-art separation technology for applications like air fractionation and hydrogen production. Many of these processes are described in published books and review articles on this subject [31, 92, 106, 154, 156, 166, 169, 181, 206]. Moreover, Sircar [167] has given an extensive list of publications on PSA which highlights growth in the research and development of PSA technology. PSA processes involve selectively adsorbing certain components of a gas mixture on a microporous-mesoporous solid adsorbent at a relatively high pressure, via gas-solid contact in a packed column, in order to produce a gas stream enriched in less strongly adsorbed components of the feed gas. The adsorbed components are then desorbed from the solid by lowering their gas-phase partial pressures inside the column to enable adsorbent re-usability. Desorbed gases, as a result, are enriched in the more strongly adsorbed components of the feed gas. No external heat is generally used for desorption. The selectivity in a PSA process comes 1.1 PSA Overview 1.1 PSA Overview Chapter 1. Introduction 2PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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