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We begin with the concepts of Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) in Chapter 2. PSA is an adsorption-based separation process in which separation is achieved when an adsorbent prefer- entially adsorbs one or more components from a feed mixture. We provide a brief background on the principles of adsorption and describe different kinds of cyclic adsorption processes. Then we discuss mathematical modeling for a fixed bed PSA process, which involves characterizing mass, energy, and momentum balances together with mass transfer phenomena and adsorption equilibrium. In general, PSA processes are governed by coupled hyperbolic PDAEs. Numerical methodologies to simulate such PDAEs are also discussed. Chapter 3 introduces the novel two-bed PSA superstructure to determine optimal PSA configurations. The superstructure consists of two beds, one of which acts as an adsorbing bed and the other as a desorbing bed. The interconnections between the two beds are governed by time-dependent control variables, such as fractions of the light and the heavy product recycle. The superstructure predicts different PSA operating steps by varying these control variables. An optimal sequence of operating steps is achieved by solving an optimal control problem. We realize that it is a singular control problem as the controls appear linearly. Solution strategy to solve this PDAE-constrained singular control problem is then discussed. In Chapter 4, we demonstrate the superstructure approach for case studies related to post- combustion CO2 capture. PSA is a promising option to effectively capture CO2 from flue gas streams. However, most commercial PSA cycles do not focus on enriching the strongly adsorbed CO2 as a product. It is necessary to develop PSA processes specifically targeted to obtain pure strongly adsorbed component. We present a fairly comprehensive review of the previous studies on PSA cycles for CO2 production. This review highlights the difficulties associated with choosing one PSA cycle over another, and motivates development of a structured approach for PSA cycle design. Hence, we use the superstructure to synthesize optimal PSA cycles which maximize CO2 recovery and minimize overall power consumption. Results obtained are quite encouraging and promising. Chapter 5 illustrates the superstructure approach for case studies related to pre-combustion 1.4 Thesis Outline Chapter 1. Introduction 9PDF Image | Design and Operation of Pressure Swing Adsorption Processes
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